Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Internal Medicine > JH IM Board Review - Office Orthopedics II > Flashcards

JH IM Board Review - Office Orthopedics II Flashcards

1
Q

Collateral ligament injury - Cause:

A
  1. Overuse.

2. Trauma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Collateral ligament injury - CP:

A

Medial or lateral knee pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Collateral ligament injury - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Tenderness over affected ligament.

2. Provoke pain with medial or lateral stress in 20 degrees of flexion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Collateral ligament injury - Tx:

A
  1. Rest.
  2. Physical therapy.
  3. Surgery if unstable.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament injury - Cause:

A

Twisting injury to knee with foot planted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament injury - CP:

A
  1. Pain.
  2. Swelling.
  3. Instability.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament injury - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Swelling.

2. Anterior instability of the tibia at the knee (anterior drawer sign).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament injury - Tx:

A

Orthopedic evaluation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament injury - Cause:

A

Hyperextension injury to knee.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament injury - Cause:

A

Hyperextension injury to knee.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament injury - CP:

A
  1. Pain.
  2. Swelling.
  3. Instability.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament injury - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Swelling.

2. Posterior instability of the tibia at the knee (posterior drawer sign).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament injury - Tx:

A

Orthopedic evaluation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prepatellar bursitis - Cause:

A
  1. Overuse.
  2. Trauma.
  3. Infection.
  4. Gout.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prepatellar bursitis - CP:

A
  1. Anterior knee pain.

2. Swelling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prepatellar bursitis - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Swollen and tender prepatellar bursa.

2. Aspirate to diagnose cause.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prepatellar bursitis - Tx:

A
  1. Rest.
  2. NSAIDs.
  3. Antibiotic if needed.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anserine bursitis - Cause:

A
  1. Overuse.

2. OA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anserine bursitis - CP:

A

Anteromedial pain 4-5cm below joint line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anserine bursitis - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Tender with palpation.

2. Pain with knee flexion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anserine bursitis - Tx:

A
  1. Rest.
  2. NSAIDs.
  3. Steroid injection.
  4. Physical therapy.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ruptured baker cyst (pseudothrombophlebitis) - Cause:

A

One-way flow of knee effusion to gastrocnemius-semimembranous bursa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ruptured Baker cyst (pseudothrombophlebitis) - CP:

A
  1. Popliteal fullness.
  2. Calf pain.
  3. Swelling.
  4. Ecchymosis on rupture.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ruptured Baker Cyst (pseudothrombophlebitis) - Dx and evaluation:

A

R/o DVT with US.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ruptured Baker cyst (pseudothrombophlebitis) - Tx:

A
  1. Rest.
  2. Elevation.
  3. Steroid injection.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Achilles tendinitis - Cause:

A
  1. Overuse, poor training habits, and improper footwear in athletes.
  2. FLUOROQUINOLONES.
  3. Associated with SPONDYLOARTHRITIS.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Achilles tendinitis - CP:

A

Pain along the Achilles tendon.

28
Q

Achilles tendinitis - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Tenderness and thickening along the tendon.

2. Dorsiflexion of foot is painful.

29
Q

Achilles tendinitis - Tx:

A
  1. NSAIDs.
  2. Heel lift.
  3. Stretching program.
  4. If underlying spondyloarthritis is detected (AS, PA, RA, or IBD-related), treatment is directed at the underlying condition with a rheumatology referral.
30
Q

Achilles tendon rupture - Cause:

A
  1. Forced DORSIFLEXION of the foot as the gastrocnemius muscle contracts.
  2. MALE affected MORE THAN FEMALES..
31
Q

Achilles tendon rupture - CP:

A

TEARING AND POPPING SENSATION IN THE CALF.

32
Q

Achilles tendon rupture - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Swelling of the calf.
  2. Weakness of foot flexion.
  3. Palpation of gap caused by tendon rupture.
  4. ABNORMAL THOMPSON TEST.
33
Q

Abnormal Thompson test:

A

Failure of the foot to plantar flex when squeezing the gastrocnemius muscle.

34
Q

Achilles tendon rupture - Tx:

A

Orthopedic evaluation and possible repair.

35
Q

Tarsal tunnel syndrome - Cause:

A
  1. POSTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE entrapment behind the medial malleolus.
  2. Associated with PES PLANUS (flat feet), Ganglion cyst, and lipomata.
36
Q

Tarsal tunnel syndrome - CP:

A
  1. Burning pain over the MEDIAL + PLANTAR aspects of the foot.
  2. Aggravated by activity.
37
Q

Tarsal tunnel syndrome - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Posterior tibial nerve (Tinel sign) posterior to the medial malleolus.
  2. Decreased sensation over medial malleolus + plantar aspects of foot.
  3. Nerve condution study if examination equivocal.
38
Q

Tarsal tunnel syndrome - Tx:

A
  1. Orthotics.

2. Surgery occasionally necessary.

39
Q

Foot - Plantar fasciitis - Cause:

A
  1. Overuse, causing inflammation of plantar fascia.
  2. Heel spur.
  3. Associated with spondyloarthritis.
40
Q

Plantar fasciitis - CP:

A
  1. Heel and posterior foot pain.
  2. Classically, with the first steps of the morning and after prolonged sitting.
  3. Improves with use.
41
Q

Plantar fasciitis - Dx and evaluation:

A

Tenderness on plantar aspect of heel.

42
Q

Plantar fasciitis - Tx:

A
  1. Stretching.
  2. Orthotics/night splints to stretch the plantar fascia.
  3. NSAIDs.
  4. Steroid injection.
  5. Rarely surgery.
43
Q

Morton neuroma - Cause:

A

Neuroma formation causing COMPRESSION OF DIGITAL NERVE IN FOOT.

44
Q

Morton neuroma - CP:

A

Pain and paresthesia MC between the 3rd and 4th toes.

45
Q

Morton neuroma - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Tenderness to deep palpation BETWEEN TOES.
  2. Neuroma may be palpable.
  3. US/MRI to visualize the neuroma.
46
Q

Morton neuroma - Tx:

A
  1. Metatarsal bar orthotic.
  2. Steroid injection.
  3. Surgical excision of neuroma.
47
Q

Cervical spine strain - Cause:

A
  1. Overuse.
  2. Poor posture.
  3. Hyperextension injury.
48
Q

Cervical spine strain - CP:

A
  1. Neck pain and stiffness.

2. No symptoms or signs of radiculopathy.

49
Q

Cervical spine strain - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Localized tenderness over cervical musculature.

2. ABSENCE of neurologic deficits.

50
Q

Cervical spine strain - Tx:

A
  1. NSAIDs.
  2. Mobilization and supervised physical therapy.
  3. Soft cervical collar (short term only).
51
Q

Cervical disk disease - Cause:

A

Disk herniation.

52
Q

Cervical disk disease - CP:

A
  1. Neck pain and stiffness.
  2. Radicular complaints (weakness, numbness, paresthesias along involved nerve root).
  3. Symptoms worse with straining.
53
Q

Cervical disk disease - Dx and evaluation:

A
  1. Symptoms exacerbated with neck compression.

2. Abnormal neurologic examination.

54
Q

Cervical disk disease - Tx:

A
  1. Initially conservative.
  2. NSAIDs.
  3. Soft collar.

==> Surgical evaluation for intractable pain or progressive neurologic deficits.

55
Q

Lumbar spine - Basic info - Low back pain …?

A

Is the MC musculoskeletal complaint in the outpatient setting.

56
Q

Lumbar spine - …% of the population experience low back pain at some time in their life.

A

80%.

57
Q

Low back pain is generally a …?

A

SELF-LIMITED CONDITION.

50% are better in ONE WEEK.

90% are better in 6 WEEKS.

58
Q

Sciatica can have a …?

A

More protracted course.

==> 50% recover in 4 weeks.

59
Q

Low back pain - LOCAL CAUSES:

A
  1. Muscle strain.
  2. Lumbar spine osteoarthritis.
  3. Degenerative disk disease.
  4. Vertebral body infection.
  5. Disk space infection.
  6. Vertebral body malignancy.
  7. Compression fracture.
  8. Spinal stenosis.
60
Q

Low back pain - Referred/Distant causes:

A
  1. Ulcer disease.
  2. Pancreatitis.
  3. Nephrolithiasis.
  4. Prostatitis.
  5. Aortic dissection.
  6. Subacute BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS.
  7. Pelvic pathology.
61
Q

Low back pain - Worrisome findings:

A
  1. NOCTURNAL PAIN ==> Malignancy, infection.
  2. WRITHING PAIN ==> Aneurysm, perforated viscus.
  3. Evolving neurologic deficits (leg weakness, bowel/bladder incontinence) ==> Epidural abscess, hemorrhage, disk herniation, cauda equina syndrome.
  4. Fever ==> Infection.
62
Q

Spinal stenosis:

A
  1. Caused by impingement on lumbosacral spinal cord.
  2. Associated with degenerative arthritis.
  3. Pseudoclaudication (non vascular claudication improving with flexion at the waist).
63
Q

Straight leg raise test:

A
  1. Sensitive (more than 90%) but NOT specific.
  2. Pain should be radicular.
  3. Helpful in ruling out sciatica.
  4. Crossed straigth leg test less sensitive (25%) but more specific (80%).
64
Q

Indication for radiographic evaluation:

A
  1. Preceding significant trauma.
  2. Evolving neurologic findings.
  3. Suggestion of malignancy or infection.
  4. New onset pain at an older age.
  5. Persistent pain.
65
Q

Low back pain - Tx:

A
  1. Rest.
  2. Heat and cold.
  3. NSAIDs.
  4. Physical therapy.
  5. Surgery may be indicated (eg infection, intractable pain, neurologic defects, and spinal stenosis).

Internal Medicine (107 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions