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Internal Medicine > FA - Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

FA - Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Antidesmoglein (epitheliall) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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2
Q

Anti-glomerular BM antibodies

A

Goodpasture (GN + Hemoptysis)

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3
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug induced lupus (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

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4
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

RA

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5
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies

A

PBC

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6
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA) –> Wegener

p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA) –> Microscopic poluangiitis + Churg-Strauss syndrome

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7
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: Anti-Smith, anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE - HRS III.

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8
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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9
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse scleroderma

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10
Q

Anti-transglutaminase
Anti-gliadin
Anti-endomysial

A

Celiac disease

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11
Q

Apple core lesion on abdominal X-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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12
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods –> AML M3 –> promyelocytic.

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13
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive - Strep pyogenes (group A)

Resistant - Strep agalactiae (group B)

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14
Q

“Bambo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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15
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies - due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen.

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16
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A
  1. Lead poisoning

2. Sideroblastic anemia

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17
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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18
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A
  1. FALLOT

2. RVH

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19
Q

Branching gram(+) rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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20
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor - can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome.

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21
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica –> deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color.

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22
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease

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23
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic GN

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24
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

Endometriosis - frequently involves both ovaries

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25
Q

Circulating grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes:

  1. Neuroblastoma
  2. Medulloblastoma
  3. Retinoblastoma
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26
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF

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27
Q

DOWN AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality.

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28
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis –> 3o syphilis

Subacute combined degeneration –> dorsal columns + lateral corticospinal tracts affected.

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29
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson

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30
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals

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31
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies –> Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary.

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32
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement + hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes

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33
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl eye” appearance of CMV

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34
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei –> Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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35
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body - Alcohol liver disease.

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36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body - Parkinson

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37
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body –> toxic/viral hepatitis, often yellow fever.

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38
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal + cerebellar nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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39
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques –> Alzheimer

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40
Q

Giant B cell with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (HL)

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41
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies –> Yolk sac tumor.

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42
Q

“Hair on end” (crew cut) appearance on x-ray

A

Beta-thalassemia

SCA –> Marrow expansion

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43
Q

hCG elevated

A
  1. Choriocarcinoma

2. Hydatidiform mole –> occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy.

44
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (RF).

45
Q

Heterophile antibodies

46
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma - Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules.

47
Q

Elevated D-dimers

48
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy

Peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify).

A

Ghon complex –> 1o TB.

49
Q

Honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

50
Q

Hypercoagulability –> Leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis

A

Trousseau syndrome –> Adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung.

51
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia - EITHER B12 OR FOLATE.

52
Q

HTN
Hypokalemia
Metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome

53
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A
  1. Iron def.
  2. Lead poisoning
  3. Thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)
54
Q

Incr. AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A
  1. Dating error
  2. Anencephaly
  3. Spina bifida (neural tube defects)
55
Q

Incr. uric acid levels

A
  1. Gout
  2. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
  3. Tumor lysis syndrome
  4. Loop + Thiazides
56
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies –> HSV or CMV.

57
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies –> Asbestosis: Incr. risk for mesothelioma.

58
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

59
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes

Immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi

60
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

UC (loss of haustra)

61
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular BM

A

Goodpasture

62
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease - Hepatolenticular degeneration.

63
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance off glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal GN –> Immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b.

64
Q

Lytic (“hole punched”) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

65
Q

Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

66
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
  1. Multiple myeloma (usually IgG, or IgA)
  2. MGUS –> consequence of aging.
  3. Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM)
  4. Primary amyloidosis
67
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

“Signet ring”

68
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

String sign - Crohn disease

69
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) + Necrotizing GN

A
  1. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis - Wegener

2. Goodpasture

70
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout - monosodium urate crystals.

71
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules - Diabetic nephropathy

72
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive –> S.epi

Resistant –> S.sapro

73
Q

Nutmeg liver

A

CHRONIC passive congestion of live due to RHF.

74
Q

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma - malignant ROUND cell tumor.

75
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive –> S.pneumo

Resistant –> Viridans strep

76
Q

Periosteum raised from bone –> Creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on x-ray –>

  1. Osteosarcoma
  2. Ewing
  3. Pyogenic osteomyelitis
77
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease - child with nephrotic syndrome.

78
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearancce of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation –> Osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis.

79
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A
  1. Neurofibrillary tangles - Alzheimer

2. Pick bodies - Pick

80
Q

Psammoma bodies

A
  1. Meningiomas
  2. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
  3. Mesothelioma
  4. Papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
81
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

82
Q

RBC cast in urine

83
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals –> Leydig cell tumor.

84
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral renal injury

85
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout –> Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals

86
Q

Rib notching

87
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A
  1. T.gondii

2. CNS lymphoma

88
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages –> starry sky histology.

89
Q

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies –> Pick disease –> progressive dementia, changes in personality.

90
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of the bone - usually benign.

91
Q

“Spikes” on BM, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous GN –> May progress to nephrotic syndrome.

92
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation –> High ESR, MM.

93
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” - G.vaginalis

94
Q

“Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules:

  1. Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  2. Histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma
95
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn –> Arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs

96
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis - H.influenza

97
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

98
Q

“Tram track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular BM on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative GN

99
Q

TGs accumulation in liver cell vacuoles.

A

Fatty liver disease –> Alcoholic or metabolic syndrome.

100
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

101
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

102
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

103
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

104
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthocromia –> Due to subarachnoid hemorrhage.

105
Q

Antidentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

Internal Medicine (107 decks)

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