Jews In Europe 1/7/15

Question 1

HOW MANY OF THE WESTERN EUROPEAN JEWS WERE FAMILIAR AND COMFORTABLE WITH WESTERN WAYS AND SCIENTIFIC/PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT PRIOR TO THE RULE OF HENRY VIII (8TH)? DID THEY MIX WITH OTHER POPULATIONS MUCH?

Answer 1

VERY FEW WERE COMFORTABLE WITH WESTERN WAYS AND THEY LIVED TOGETHER ISOLATED.

Question 2

HOW DID HENRY VIII (8TH ) CHANGE THAT? WHEN?

Answer 2

HE FREED THE JEWS DURING THE HASKALAH EMANCIPATION

Question 3

ONCE JEWS BECAME INVOLVED IN WESTERN CULTURE, WHAT HAPPENED (IN TERMS OF EDUCATION AND CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY)?

Answer 3

THEY STUDIED SECULAR SUBJECTS AND SOON CONTRIBUTED TO WESTERN CULTURE IN UNPRECIDENTED NUMBERS

Question 4

WHY MIGHT THE JEWS HAVE HAD THE INTELLECTUAL/EDUCATIONAL IMPACT THEY HAD SO SOON?

Answer 4

THE STUDY OF TORAH AND READING HAD PREPARED THEM WELL FOR ACADEMICS

Question 5

WHAT WERE THE THOUGHTS ABOUT JEWS LEAVING THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES(within the Jewish community)?

Answer 5

THERE WAS A FEAR WITHIN THE JEWISH COMMUNITY ABOUT PEOPLE LEAVING FOR THE WESTERN WORLD AND THE COMMUNITY WOULD NOT THRIVE AS MUCH THEN.

Question 6

WHAT WAS THE RESPONSE TO THE FEARS OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES?

Answer 6

THEY MADE REFORMs/CHANGEs THE PRACTICE OF JUDAISM TO APPEAL TO THE COMMUNITIY.

Question 7

HOW WAS JUDAISM REFORMED?

Answer 7

JUDAISM WAS CHANGED IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:

  - LANGUAGE USED FOR SERVICES
 - NAMES OF SERVICES/TEMPLES ETC.
 - MUSIC USED DURING SERVICES
 - SIDDUR AND PRAYERS

Question 8

WHAT WAS THE TEMPLE/MOVEMENT CALLED THAT MADE THE CHANGES TO THE PRACTICE OF JUDAISM?

Answer 8

REFORM MOVEMENT

Question 9

WHEN WAS THE FIRST REFORM TEMPLE OPENED AND WHERE?

Answer 9

SEESEN, GERMANY 1810

Question 10

WAS THE CHANGES IN EASTERN EUROPE FOR THE JEWS SIMILAR TO THE CHANGES SEEN IN WESTERN EUROPE? WHY?

Answer 10

NO THEY WERE VERY DIFFERENT. HENRY VIII (8TH) WAS NOT ABLE TO HAVE MUCH INFLUENCE OVER THE REGION AND THE OTHER COUNTRIES DID NOT LIKE THE JEWISH POPULATION.

Question 11

SHTETL

Answer 11

SMALL MARKET TOWNS WITH IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE WITH LARGE JEWISH POPULATIONS ESTABLISHED BEFORE THE HOLOCAUST.

Question 12

WHAT WERE THE RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IN THE SHTETLS?

Answer 12

MOST WERE ORTHODOX JEWS

Question 13

WHAT WAS VALUED HIGHEST IN THE SHTETLS?

Answer 13

JUDAISM, THE JEWISH COMMUNITY AND STUDY AND KNOWLEDGE OF JEWISH TEXTS BY MEN

Question 14

DESCRIBE ROMANCE AND COMMUNITY AND HOW THEY INTERACTED IN THE SHTETL.

Answer 14

MARRIAGES WERE ARRANGED. THEY WERE ARRANGED TO BENEFIT THE COMMUNITY, JUDAISM AND THE FAMILY.

Question 15

WHAT WAS THE PROFESSION OF THE JEWS IN SHTETLS AND WHAT WAS NOT?

Answer 15

THEY WERE NOT FARMERS. THEY WERE MERCHANTS, PEDDLERS, AND ARTISANS.

Question 16

WHAT WERE SOME OF THE RESULTS OF LIVING IN SHTETLS FOR JEWS?

Answer 16

• HASIDIC MOVEMENT STARTS

- HASKALAH (JEWISH ENLIGHTENMENT) EMERGES

Question 17

HASIDIC MOVEMENT

Answer 17

VERY RELIGIOUS JEWISH MOVEMENT

Question 18

DESCRIBE, “PALE OF SETTLEMENT”

Answer 18

BOUNDARIES OF DESIGNATED AREAS WHERE JEWS WERE ALLOWED AND ALSO DEFINING AREAS WHERE JEWS WERE NOT ALLOWED. THIS ESSENTIALLY DICATED WHERE JEWS COULD AND COULD NOT LIVE WITHIN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. JEWS HAD TO HAVE PERMISSION TO LEAVE.

Question 19

WHO CREATED “PALE OF SETTLEMENT” AND WHERE THEY FROM?

Answer 19

CATHERINE THE GREAT OF RUSSIA

Question 20

ALEXANDER I BEGINS HIS REIGN WHEN AND HOW DOES HE TREAT THE JEWS DURING THAT TIME? WHY

Answer 20

IN 1801 HE IS QUITE LIBERAL AND IS NICE TO THE JEWS AND GAVE MORE FREEDOM TO THEM BUT THE COUNTRY DOESN’T SUPPORT THIS AND HE FEARS HE WILL LOOSE POWER SO HE BECOMES MORE CONSERVATIVE.

Question 21

NICHOLAS I BEGINS HIS REIGN? WAS HE CONSIDERED KIND OR BRUTAL? WHAT DID HE VALUE?

Answer 21

IN 1825 HE REIGNS AS A BRUTAL CZAR(RUSSIAN RULER). HE BELIEVED IN THE RUSSIAN MILITARY AND THE ORTHODOX CHURCH. HE WANTED PEOPLE TO BECOME MORE RUSSIAN.

Question 22

WAS DRAFTING JEWS IN RUSSIA COMMONPLACE IN 1825?

Answer 22

NO. NICHOLAS I DRAFTED JEWS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 25 YEARS.

Question 23

WHY WERE CANTONISTS SCHOOLS CREATED AND DID THEY WORK?

Answer 23

ESTABLISHED TO TRY TO CONVERT KIDS AT A YOUNG AGE. IT LIMITED RIGHTS BECAUSE OF ASSYMILATION. THEY DID NOT WORK.

Question 24

ALEXANDER II BEGAN HIS REIGN WHEN? HOW WAS HE DIFFERENT FROM HIS PREDICESSORS IN TREATMENT OF THE JEWS?

Answer 24

IN 1855 HE BEGAN HIS LIBERAL REIGN. DURING THAT TIME HE:

• GOT RID OF CANTONIST SCHOOLS
• ALLOWS JEWS TO LEAVE “PALE OF SETTLEMENT”
• FAVORED WEALTHY, EDUCATED, SKILLED JEWS

Question 25

WHY DID ALEXANDER II LEAVE OFFICE?

Answer 25

HE WAS ASSASINATED

Question 26

WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE END TO ALEXANDER II REIGN AND WHAT WAS THE RESULTS?

Answer 26

HIS ASSASINATION WAS THE END TO LIBERAL REFORMS. THREE MEN FROM THE “PEOPLE’S WILL” GROUP CARRIED OUT BOMBINGS WHICH LED TO HIS DEATH.

Question 27

WHO WAS BLAMED FOR WHAT HAPPENED TO ALEXANDER II? WHY?

Answer 27

ONE OF THE THREE MEN WHO CARRIED OUT THE BOMBINGS BYT THE “PEOPLE’S WILL” GROUP WAS JEWISH SO THE JEWS WERE BLAMED EVEN THOUGH IT WAS ONE OF THE THREE AND IT WAS THE “PEOPLE’S WILL” GROUP THAT WAS ACTUALLY RESPONSIBLE.

Question 28

WHEN DID ALEXANDER III COME TO POWER AND WHAT WAS DID HE WANT TO DO IN THE BEGINNING?

Answer 28

HE CAME TO POWER IN 1881. HE WAS A BRUTAL CZAR. HE WANTED TO AVENGE HIS FATHER’S ASSASSINATION AND BELEIVING THE JEWS WERE RESPONSIBLE, HE DEVELOPED MANY ANTI-JEWISH PROGRAMS.

Question 29

WHAT DID ALEXANDER III DO DURING THE FIRST 3 YEARS OF HIS REIGN TO ACHIEVE HIS GOALS?

Answer 29

HE ESTABLISHED OVER 100 PROGRAMS IN 3 YEARS

Question 30

WHAT WAS ALEXANDER III’S

1/3 – 1/3 – 1/3 PLAN?

Answer 30

1) CONVERT
2) LEAVE
3) DIE
….WAS THE PLAN TO GET RID OF ALL THE JEWS

Question 31

QUOTAS

Answer 31

RESTRICTIVE LAWS THAT DETERMINED WHERE JEWS COULD LIVE, OWN PROPERTY, ETC

Question 32

WAS THE NEXT RUSSIAN RULER, NICHOLAS II A MORE TOLERANT CZAR? WHEN DID HE REIGN?

Answer 32

NO: IN 1894 NICHOLAS II BEGAN HIS EVEN MORE BRUTAL REIGN

Question 33

KISHNEV POGROMS

Answer 33

ANTI JEWISH RIOTS WERE POLICE DIDN’T PROTECT JEWS