Jews In Europe 1/7/15 Flashcards
HOW MANY OF THE WESTERN EUROPEAN JEWS WERE FAMILIAR AND COMFORTABLE WITH WESTERN WAYS AND SCIENTIFIC/PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT PRIOR TO THE RULE OF HENRY VIII (8TH)? DID THEY MIX WITH OTHER POPULATIONS MUCH?
VERY FEW WERE COMFORTABLE WITH WESTERN WAYS AND THEY LIVED TOGETHER ISOLATED.
HOW DID HENRY VIII (8TH ) CHANGE THAT? WHEN?
HE FREED THE JEWS DURING THE HASKALAH EMANCIPATION
ONCE JEWS BECAME INVOLVED IN WESTERN CULTURE, WHAT HAPPENED (IN TERMS OF EDUCATION AND CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY)?
THEY STUDIED SECULAR SUBJECTS AND SOON CONTRIBUTED TO WESTERN CULTURE IN UNPRECIDENTED NUMBERS
WHY MIGHT THE JEWS HAVE HAD THE INTELLECTUAL/EDUCATIONAL IMPACT THEY HAD SO SOON?
THE STUDY OF TORAH AND READING HAD PREPARED THEM WELL FOR ACADEMICS
WHAT WERE THE THOUGHTS ABOUT JEWS LEAVING THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES(within the Jewish community)?
THERE WAS A FEAR WITHIN THE JEWISH COMMUNITY ABOUT PEOPLE LEAVING FOR THE WESTERN WORLD AND THE COMMUNITY WOULD NOT THRIVE AS MUCH THEN.
WHAT WAS THE RESPONSE TO THE FEARS OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES?
THEY MADE REFORMs/CHANGEs THE PRACTICE OF JUDAISM TO APPEAL TO THE COMMUNITIY.
HOW WAS JUDAISM REFORMED?
JUDAISM WAS CHANGED IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
- LANGUAGE USED FOR SERVICES - NAMES OF SERVICES/TEMPLES ETC. - MUSIC USED DURING SERVICES - SIDDUR AND PRAYERS
WHAT WAS THE TEMPLE/MOVEMENT CALLED THAT MADE THE CHANGES TO THE PRACTICE OF JUDAISM?
REFORM MOVEMENT
WHEN WAS THE FIRST REFORM TEMPLE OPENED AND WHERE?
SEESEN, GERMANY 1810
WAS THE CHANGES IN EASTERN EUROPE FOR THE JEWS SIMILAR TO THE CHANGES SEEN IN WESTERN EUROPE? WHY?
NO THEY WERE VERY DIFFERENT. HENRY VIII (8TH) WAS NOT ABLE TO HAVE MUCH INFLUENCE OVER THE REGION AND THE OTHER COUNTRIES DID NOT LIKE THE JEWISH POPULATION.
SHTETL
SMALL MARKET TOWNS WITH IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE WITH LARGE JEWISH POPULATIONS ESTABLISHED BEFORE THE HOLOCAUST.
WHAT WERE THE RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IN THE SHTETLS?
MOST WERE ORTHODOX JEWS
WHAT WAS VALUED HIGHEST IN THE SHTETLS?
JUDAISM, THE JEWISH COMMUNITY AND STUDY AND KNOWLEDGE OF JEWISH TEXTS BY MEN
DESCRIBE ROMANCE AND COMMUNITY AND HOW THEY INTERACTED IN THE SHTETL.
MARRIAGES WERE ARRANGED. THEY WERE ARRANGED TO BENEFIT THE COMMUNITY, JUDAISM AND THE FAMILY.
WHAT WAS THE PROFESSION OF THE JEWS IN SHTETLS AND WHAT WAS NOT?
THEY WERE NOT FARMERS. THEY WERE MERCHANTS, PEDDLERS, AND ARTISANS.
WHAT WERE SOME OF THE RESULTS OF LIVING IN SHTETLS FOR JEWS?
- HASIDIC MOVEMENT STARTS
- HASKALAH (JEWISH ENLIGHTENMENT) EMERGES
HASIDIC MOVEMENT
VERY RELIGIOUS JEWISH MOVEMENT
DESCRIBE, “PALE OF SETTLEMENT”
BOUNDARIES OF DESIGNATED AREAS WHERE JEWS WERE ALLOWED AND ALSO DEFINING AREAS WHERE JEWS WERE NOT ALLOWED. THIS ESSENTIALLY DICATED WHERE JEWS COULD AND COULD NOT LIVE WITHIN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. JEWS HAD TO HAVE PERMISSION TO LEAVE.
WHO CREATED “PALE OF SETTLEMENT” AND WHERE THEY FROM?
CATHERINE THE GREAT OF RUSSIA
ALEXANDER I BEGINS HIS REIGN WHEN AND HOW DOES HE TREAT THE JEWS DURING THAT TIME? WHY
IN 1801 HE IS QUITE LIBERAL AND IS NICE TO THE JEWS AND GAVE MORE FREEDOM TO THEM BUT THE COUNTRY DOESN’T SUPPORT THIS AND HE FEARS HE WILL LOOSE POWER SO HE BECOMES MORE CONSERVATIVE.
NICHOLAS I BEGINS HIS REIGN? WAS HE CONSIDERED KIND OR BRUTAL? WHAT DID HE VALUE?
IN 1825 HE REIGNS AS A BRUTAL CZAR(RUSSIAN RULER). HE BELIEVED IN THE RUSSIAN MILITARY AND THE ORTHODOX CHURCH. HE WANTED PEOPLE TO BECOME MORE RUSSIAN.
WAS DRAFTING JEWS IN RUSSIA COMMONPLACE IN 1825?
NO. NICHOLAS I DRAFTED JEWS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 25 YEARS.
WHY WERE CANTONISTS SCHOOLS CREATED AND DID THEY WORK?
ESTABLISHED TO TRY TO CONVERT KIDS AT A YOUNG AGE. IT LIMITED RIGHTS BECAUSE OF ASSYMILATION. THEY DID NOT WORK.
ALEXANDER II BEGAN HIS REIGN WHEN? HOW WAS HE DIFFERENT FROM HIS PREDICESSORS IN TREATMENT OF THE JEWS?
IN 1855 HE BEGAN HIS LIBERAL REIGN. DURING THAT TIME HE:
- GOT RID OF CANTONIST SCHOOLS
- ALLOWS JEWS TO LEAVE “PALE OF SETTLEMENT”
- FAVORED WEALTHY, EDUCATED, SKILLED JEWS
WHY DID ALEXANDER II LEAVE OFFICE?
HE WAS ASSASINATED
WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE END TO ALEXANDER II REIGN AND WHAT WAS THE RESULTS?
HIS ASSASINATION WAS THE END TO LIBERAL REFORMS. THREE MEN FROM THE “PEOPLE’S WILL” GROUP CARRIED OUT BOMBINGS WHICH LED TO HIS DEATH.
WHO WAS BLAMED FOR WHAT HAPPENED TO ALEXANDER II? WHY?
ONE OF THE THREE MEN WHO CARRIED OUT THE BOMBINGS BYT THE “PEOPLE’S WILL” GROUP WAS JEWISH SO THE JEWS WERE BLAMED EVEN THOUGH IT WAS ONE OF THE THREE AND IT WAS THE “PEOPLE’S WILL” GROUP THAT WAS ACTUALLY RESPONSIBLE.
WHEN DID ALEXANDER III COME TO POWER AND WHAT WAS DID HE WANT TO DO IN THE BEGINNING?
HE CAME TO POWER IN 1881. HE WAS A BRUTAL CZAR. HE WANTED TO AVENGE HIS FATHER’S ASSASSINATION AND BELEIVING THE JEWS WERE RESPONSIBLE, HE DEVELOPED MANY ANTI-JEWISH PROGRAMS.
WHAT DID ALEXANDER III DO DURING THE FIRST 3 YEARS OF HIS REIGN TO ACHIEVE HIS GOALS?
HE ESTABLISHED OVER 100 PROGRAMS IN 3 YEARS
WHAT WAS ALEXANDER III’S
1/3 – 1/3 – 1/3 PLAN?
1) CONVERT
2) LEAVE
3) DIE
….WAS THE PLAN TO GET RID OF ALL THE JEWS
QUOTAS
RESTRICTIVE LAWS THAT DETERMINED WHERE JEWS COULD LIVE, OWN PROPERTY, ETC
WAS THE NEXT RUSSIAN RULER, NICHOLAS II A MORE TOLERANT CZAR? WHEN DID HE REIGN?
NO: IN 1894 NICHOLAS II BEGAN HIS EVEN MORE BRUTAL REIGN
KISHNEV POGROMS
ANTI JEWISH RIOTS WERE POLICE DIDN’T PROTECT JEWS
