Jews

Question 1

How were Jews treated across the period?

Answer 1

the only minority group treated in a similar fashion by both tsars and communists - brutally
leaders viewed them with distrust
particularly Alex II, blamed Jews for his father’s death
similar to 1952 Doctor’s Plot, Jews blamed for leading Communist’s death + theoretical plan to kill Stalin

Question 2

How did Lenin advance the rights of Jews?

Answer 2

Policy of Korenizatsiya allowed Jews to practice their beliefs (stark contrast to Stalin who banned synagogues)

Outlawed pogroms, meant Jews no longer had to experience antisemitic violence eg under Nicholas II

Granted Jews freedom

Question 3

CV that Lenin did not advance Jewish rights

Answer 3

banned the Jewish Labour Bund (BUT had to repress in order to make reform)
Intention for reforms was not because he genuinely cared about liberating them but because he needed to show he was different to the tsars to gain support + reinforce his position

Question 4

What antisemitic violence occurred under Nicholas II?

Answer 4

1903 violent Pogrom in Kishinev, more than 40 Jews were killed + hundreds wounded

Question 5

How did the PG advance Jewish rights?

Answer 5

officially abolished the Pale of Settlement, extremely significant change, Pale had been established before Alex II, Jews no longer restricted to a certain region - more freedom

PG’s commitment to not discriminate against religion through their 8 Principles, demonstrates they adv Jewish rights by treating them equally

Question 6

CV that PG advanced Jewish rights

Answer 6

PG not supported by public
Short lived, policies also short-lived
Didn’t have a great impact on Jews

Question 7

How did Khrushchev treat Jews?

Answer 7

advanced rights to an extent by declaring Doctor’s Plot as a fraud in Destali speech but very repressive towards Jews, similar to Stalin, closed remaining synangogues
suppressed a number of prominent Jewish technical specialists for anti-communist activity
despite regime being named “Thaw”, made no outright attempt to reform for Jews

Question 8

How did Stalin treat Jews?

Answer 8

Very repressive
banned Synagogues
purged many Jewish elites from 1935 to 1938
Made emigration to the state of Israel forbidden in 1948 - restricted Jews’ movements + freedoms

Question 9

How did Alex II advance Jews rights?

Answer 9

Let them leave the Pale of Settlement

Question 10

How were Jews treated under Alex III?

Answer 10

confined Jews to the Pale of Settlement
banned Jews from trying to purchase land in prosperous areas
mini pogrom ‘little thunder’ occurred in the Pale, prompted by antisemitic group Holy League