Finland

Question 1

How were Finland treated by Alex II?

Answer 1

Alex II took fairly liberal stance on Finland
Conceded to demands for a separate Finnish parliament (Diet) 1863 + Constitution in 1865

Question 2

How did Nicholas II treat the Finns?

Answer 2

fully integrated Finland into Russian Empire + Russified following the appointment of Bobrikov as governor general
Finland’s separate army disbanded
Finnish State Secretariat abolished
Russian main language
led to opposition + Bobrikov assassinated
given full autonomy in 1905 only to find that the agreement was reneged by Stolypin in same year

Question 3

What enabled Finland to achieve lasting independence?

Answer 3

the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Question 4

What happened after WW1?

Answer 4

Finland established republican-style gov
relations with Soviets remained challenging
number of border disputes arose eg Pork Mutiny of 1922

Question 5

What was the Pork Mutiny of 1922?

Answer 5

group of Red Guards crossed the border between Russia and Finland + looted property before persuading Finnish workers to join their Soviet battalion

Question 6

What was the result of the Pork Mutiny of 1922?

Answer 6

Finland gained Petsamo

Question 7

How were Finland treated by Stalin?

Answer 7

Stalin placed Finland under further pressure by hindering its merchant shipping

Question 8

What happened at the start of WW2?

Answer 8

Finland refused Stalin’s request to allow the USSR to set up military bases on Finnish territory
angered Stalin, he ordered to bomb Helsinki
Sparked the Winter War between USSR + Finland
50,000 Soviet deaths

Question 9

What happened after WW2?

Answer 9

Finland signed a Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance 1948 with Russia, mainly left alone