Jewish history Flashcards
What happened at the Fall of Samaria? 722
Removal of the ten tribes under the king of Assyria, was a mixed population
What happened at the Fall of Jeruzalem? 587
- destruction of Jeruzalem
- Jewish communities fly to Egypt
- temple destroyed -> focus to scripts
What did the Jewish people archieve under the Persian king Cyrus?
- they returned to the Holy Land
- they reconstructed the temple
- they had the torah
- rebuild the walls of Jeruzalem -> post exiled Judaism
What happened for the Jews in the Greek period? (322-167)
- Hellenisation: Jews reacted differently: from resistance to accommodation
- Jews settled in Alexandria, Antioch and Asia Minor
What happened for the Jews during the reign of the Ptolemies?
- Ptolemy led many Jews to Egypt
- Translation of the Hebrew OT into Greek: LXX
- Ongoing process of Hellenisation; important Jewish families collaborate with Syrian royalty (the high priesthood is bought).
What happened in 169?
King Antiochus IV, aided by high priest Menelaus, plunders the Jerusalem temple to march against Egypt
What happened in 167?
Antiochus IV began banning the Jewish religion: holy books were destroyed, Sabbaths and feasts were not allowed to be held, food laws were no longer kept, circumcision was abolished
What happened in the Late 167?
a pig (!) was sacrificed on a new altar in the temple. It strengthened the position of the highly Hellenised Jews that traditional religion was banned
What happened to the Jews in The Maccabean period (167-63 BCE)
Antiochus IV lifts the ban on the Jewish religion. Judas marches on Jerusalem and rededicates the temple -> Hanukkah festival
What happend to the Jews in the Roman period (53)?
Pompey brought Jewish slaves to Rome: consequently, the Jewish community there grew.
What happened by Massada?
- last centre of Jewish resistence
- religion focused on scripture entirely
- 2nd revolt
