JEAN WATSON- Theory Of transpersonal caring Flashcards
“We are the light in the institutional darkness, and in this model we get to return the light to our humanity”
Maragaret Jean Watson, 2012
Where and when was Jean Watson born?
born in a small, close-knit town in the Mountains of West Virginia in the 1940s.
Where and when was watson graduated
Lewis Gale School of Nursing, West Virginia 1961
• Earned a Bachelor of Science degree in 1964 at the University of Colorado
•Master of Science degree in psychiatric and mental health nursing in 1966
She has doctorate degree in educational psychology and counseling in 1973
• joined the nursing faculty at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
• director of the doctoral program, dean of the School, of Nursing
Maragaret Jean Watson
Made the Center for Human Caring at the University of Colorado to develop and use knowledge of human caring and
healing in nursing and to assist in efforts to transform the healthcare system into a more care-centered entity.
Margaret Jean Watson
She founded the WATSON CARING SCIENCE INSTITUTE, a living legend in 2013
Jean watson
“all human beings have an inherent need to participate in caring exchanges, both as giver and receiver, and that nursing holds the essence of this fundamental need”
Jean Watson
Why did she create the theory
Watson’s commitment:
professional role and mission of nursing; ethical covenant with society as sustaining human caring and preserving human dignity; attending to and helping to sustain human dignity, humanity, and wholeness in the midst of threats and crises of life and death
•Plan was to bring new meaning and dignity to nursing
• Used concepts from personal and professional experience
• Inducted, grounded, and combined with ethical,
intellectual, and experimental background.
• The goal was to enhance the public view of humanity and life in correlation with nursing
Theory of Transpersonal caring by Jean Watson
Many men and women enter the nursing field because they see is as a career that cares about people.
Compassion is often a trait required of nurses since taking care of patients needs their primary purpose.
Jean Watsons philosophy and science of caring addresses how nurses care for their patients, and how that caring translates into better health plans to help patients get healthy.
According to jean Watson
7 assumption for Watsons Model
-1. Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally
2. Caring consist of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs
3. Effective caring promotes health and individual or family growth
4.Caring responses accept the patient as he or she is now as well as what he or she may become
•5. A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the patient to choose the best action for himself/herself at a given point in time
6. A science of caring is complementary to the science of curing
7. The practice of caring is central to nursing
Watsons Philosophy of HUMAN CARING
Human caring is… thinking related to intentionality connects with the concepts of consciousness, energy.. If our conscious intentionality is to hold thoughts that are caring, loving, open, kind, and receptive, in contrast to an intentionality to control, manipulate and have power over, the consequences will be significant…based on the different levels of consciousness. And energy associated with the different thought.
Major elements of Watsons Theory
• Clinical caritas processes (Carative)
• Transpersonal caring relationships
• Caring moments/caring occasions
What is Carative
Caring with love, from the term caritas that means to cherish, appreciate and attention
Watsons 10 Carative Factors
1 .Formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values
2. Instillation of faith-hope
3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others
4. Development of a helping-trusting, humancaring relationship
5.Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings
6.Systematic use of a creative problem solving caring process
7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning
8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, &spiritual environment
9. Assistance with gratification of human needs
10. Allowance for existential phenomenological- spiritual forces
(Watson, 2014)
• Begins developmentally at an early age with values shared with the parents.
• Mediated through one’s own life experiences, the learning one gains and exposure to the húmanities.
•Is perceived as necessary to the nurse’s own maturation which then promotes altruistic behaviour towards others.
THE FORMATION OF A HUMANISTIC ALTRUISTIC SYSTEM OF VALUES
It is essential to both the carative and the curative processes.
When modern science has nothing further to offer the person, the nurse can continue to use faith-hope to provide a sense of well-being through beliefs which are meaningful to the individual.
FAITH-HOPE
• Explores the need of the nurse to begin to feel an emotion as it presents itself.
• Development of one’s own feeling is needed to interact genuinely and sensitively with others.
• Striving to become sensitive, makes the nurse more authentic, which encourages self-growth and self- actualization, in both the nurse and those with whom the nurse interacts.
• The nurses promote health and higher level functioning only when they form person to person relationship.
CULTUVATION OF SENSITIVITY TO ONE’SSELF
AND TO OTHERS
• Strongest tool is the mode of communication, which establishes rapport and caring.
•She has defined the characteristics needed to in the helping-trustrelationship. These are:
• Congruence
• Empathy
• Warmth
~ Communication includes
verbal,
nonverbal and listening in a manner which connotes(imply) empathetic understanding.
ESTABLISHING A HELPING-TRUST RELATIONSHIP
“Feelings alter thoughts and behaviour, and they need to be considered and allowed for in a caring relationship”
Awareness of the feelings helps to understand thebehaviour it engenders.
THE EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
•According to Watson, the scientific problem- solving method is the only method that allows for control and prediction, and that permits self-correction.
•She also values the relative nature of nursing and supports the need to examine and develop the other methods of knowing to provide an holistic perspective.
The science of caring should not be always neutral and objective.
THE SYSTEMATIC USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM-SOLVING METHOD FOR DECISION MAKING
•The caring nurse must focus on the learning process as much as the teaching process.
•Understanding the person’s perception of the situation assist the nurse to prepare a cognitive plan.
PROMOTION OF INTRAPERSONAL TEACHING-LEARNING
Watson divides these into external and internal variables, which the nurse manipulates in order to provide support and protection for the person’s mental and physical well- being.The external and internal environments are interdependent.
Watson suggests that the nurse also must provide comfort, privacy and safety as a part of this carative factor.
PROVISION FOR A SUPPORTIVE, PROTECTIVE AND /OR CORRECTIVE MENTAL, PHYSICAL, SOCIO CULTURALAND SPIRITUAL ENVIRONMENT
It is grounded in a hierarchy of need similar to that of the
Maslow’s.
She has created a hierarchy which she believes is relevant to the science of caring in nursing.
According to her each need is equally important for quality nursing care and the promotion of optimal health.
vAll the needs deserve to be attended to and valued.
ASSISTANCE WITH THE GRATIFICATION OF HUMAN NEEDS
