Jean Watson Flashcards
Pioneered “Philosophy and Theory of
Transpersonal Caring.” / Concept of Transpersonal Caring in Nursing
JEAN WATSON
➔ Emphasizes the importance of a holistic,
person-centered approach to care.
➔ Focuses on the interconnectedness of mind,
body, and spirit in the healing process.person-centered approach to care.
PHILOSOPHY OF TRANSPERSONAL CARING
- “a unity of mind/body/spirit/nature”
- “fully functional integrated self “
- “greater than and different from, the
sum of his or her parts”
Personhood (Human Being)
- a high level of overall physical, mental and social functioning
- a general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning
- the absence of illness (or the presence of efforts that leads its absence)
Health
- not necessarily disease
- Subjective turmoil or disharmony within the person’s inner self
Illness
A caring attitude is transmitted by the
culture of the profession as a unique
way of coping with its environment
ENVIRONMENT/SOCIETY
Nurse’s role in the environment:
attending to supportive, protective,
and or corrective mental, physical,
societal, and spiritual environments
- Consists of knowledge, thought, values,
philosophy, commitment, and action, with
some degree of passion - concerned with promoting health,
preventing illness, caring for the sick and
restoring health
Nursing
The essence of nursing and responsiveness between the nurse and the person
Caring
Purpose: to assist the person in gaining control and becoming knowledgeable, and
in the process promote health changes
3 Major Conceptual
Elements of Watson’s Theory
- Carative Factors (evolving toward
the “Clinical Caritas Processes”) - Transpersonal Caring Moment
- Caring Moment/Caring Occasion
The ______ ______ honor the human
dimension of nursing’s work and the
inner life world and subjective
experiences of the people we serve. / Guide for the core of nursing
Carative Factors
“to cherish and to give special loving attention”
Caritas
A special kind of human relationship dependent on Nurse’s commitment on protecting and enhancing human dignity and a deeper/higher self
Transpersonal Caring Relationship
moment when the nurse and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created
Caring Occasion/Moment
Nursing is concerned with promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick, and restoring health.
Theory of Transpersonal Caring
The moment of coming together on a caring occasion presents the two persons with the opportunity to decide how to be in the relationship – what to do with the moment.
Actual Caring Occasion
an intersubjective human-to-human relationship in which the nurse affects and is affected by the other person.
Transpersonal
The totality of human experience of one’s in the world. This refers to the individual’s frame of reference that can only be known to that person.
Phenomenal field
The organized conceptual gestalt is composed of perceptions of the characteristics of the “I” or “ME” and the perceptions of the relationship of the “I” and “ME” to others and various aspects of life.
Self
The present is more subjectively real, and the past is more objectively real. The past is before or in a different mode of being than the present, but it is not clearly distinguishable. Past, present, and future incidents merge and fuse.
Time
The need for food and fluid. The need for elimination. The need for ventilation.
SURVIVAL NEEDS
Lower Order Needs
(Biophysical Needs)
The need for activity-inactivity. The need for sexuality.
FUNCTIONAL NEEDS
Lower Order Needs
(Psychophysical Needs)
The need for achievement. The need for affiliation.
INTEGRATIVE NEEDS
Higher Order Needs
(Psychosocial Need)
The need for self-actualization
GROWTH-SEEKING NEED
Higher Order Need
(Intrapersonal-Interpersonal Need)
The value of altruism (regard for others as a personal action) is learned at an early age. It is a value shared with parents
FORMATION OF A HUMANISTIC-ALTRUISTIC VALUE SYSTEM
There is a need for the nurse to develop and examine one’s own feelings.
CULTIVATION OF SENSITIVITY TO SELF AND OTHERS
This factor is deemed essential to both carative and curative processes. To nurses, this provides a basis for looking into the healing power of belief, or the spiritual dimension, when curing is not possible.
INSTALLATION OF FAITH-HOPE
Communication, both verbal and non-verbal, is a mode of accomplishing a helping-trust relationship to establish rapport and caring.
DEVELOPMENT OF A HELPING-TRUST RELATIONSHIP
It is important to facilitate awareness of both negative and positive feelings to improve on one’s level of awareness.
PROMOTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF THE EXPRESSION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEELINGS
This factor gives notice to the limitations nurses have in assessing the issue of developing a scientific base.
SYSTEMATIC USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM-SOLVING METHOD FOR DECISION MAKING
persons (clients) gain control over their own health because it provides them with both information and alternatives.
PROMOTION OF INTERPERSONAL TEACHING-LEARNING
An interdependence exists between internal and external factors since the person perceives the situation in the environment as either threatening or non-threatening.
PROVISIONS FOR A SUPPORTIVE, PROTECTIVE AND (OR) CORRECTIVE MENTAL, PHYSICAL, SOCIOCULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL ENVIRONMENT
It is grounded in a hierarchy of need similar to that of the Maslow’s.
ASSISTANCE WITH THE GRATIFICATION OF HUMAN NEEDS
Phenomenology is a way of understanding people from the way things appear to them, from their frame of reference.
ALLOWANCE FOR EXISTENTIAL-PHENOMENOLOGICAL-SPIRITUAL FORCES
