Jean Piaget Flashcards
Assimilation
- a child changes/adapts somethings from the external environment do that it can fit into the pre-existing scheme
- taking in
A child always calling furry, four-legged animas a dog -> she will eventually create/develop a separate scheme for other animals
Accommodation
- a child changes/adapts a pre-existing scheme or cognitive structure to better fit the external environment
- change understanding to bring in knowledge/give room for new knowledge
- making changes in our structures for those object that don’t quite fit into our existing structures
Noticing the difference between a dog and cat and no longer calling both dog
Factors that drive cognitive development
- Maturation
- Experience and practice
- Social interaction and transmission
- Equilibration
Explain maturation
- maturation of the nervous and endocrine systems (glands), enabling the individual to function in a particular way
- the individual also interacts with his/her environment in a particular way - a walking child differs from a crawling child)
Explain experience and practice
- maturation is not enough got cognitive development to occur, it needs practice and experience
- through experience, children become aware of the characteristics of objects and also learn the rules that apply in a situation
Explain social interaction and transmission
- people (parents, teachers, family members) educate and transmit knowledge through social interaction
- important to expose children to situations where they interact with others to gain new knowledge
Explain equilibration
- means balance - things making sense
- dos is the opposite
- this process occurs when children attempt to solve problems through a self-regulatory biological system
Organization
Organizing our ideas into coherent structures
Name Piaget’s cognitive development stages and ages
- Sensorimotor (birth-2 years)
- Pre-operational (2-7 years)
- Concrete operational (7-11 years)
- Forms operational ( adolescence - adulthood)
Name the stages in the sensorimotor stage and ages
- The use of reflexes (birth - 1 month)
- Primary circular reactions (1 month- 4 months)
- Secondary circular reactions (4 months- 10 months)
- The coordination of secondary schemes (10 months - 12 months)
- Tertiary circular reactions (12 months - 18 months)
- The beginnings of though (18 months - 2 years)
Explain stage 1 (the use of reflexes)
- when children learn about and try to understand the world around them by doing things like grasping, sucking, crawling
- use of senses and simple reflexes
Explain stage 2 (primary circular reactions)
• when a baby comes upon a new experience and tried to repeat it
Bringing thumb/hand back and forth to mouth
Explain stage 3 (secondary circular reactions)
- occurs when a baby discovers and copies/reproduces an interesting event outside of himself/herself
- more advanced (shaking rattle because they like the sound)
Explain stage 4 (coordination of secondary schemes)
- infants actions become more differentiated
* they learn to coordinate two separate schemes to get a result
Explain stage 5 (tertiary circular reactions)
• the child will experiment with different actions to observe/see the different outcomes
Explain stage 6 (the beginnings of thought)
• children think out situations internally before they act
Name the two further stages that Pre-operational stage is divided into with ages
Pre-conceptual phase (2-4 years)
Intuitive phase (4-7 years)
Explain pre-conceptual phase
- children identity objects by names of classes (all men = daddy)
- illogical thinking and reasoning
- egocentric nature (seeing the world from only his/her standpoint)
Explain intuitive phase
- concepts are much more advanced
- thinking is carried out intuitively and not logically
- incapable of reversibility (reversing), conservation (see object as permanent when shape changes), seriation (arranging things increasing/decreasing size), classification
Explain concrete operational stage
- child can now do what they couldn’t in Pre-operational
- child is capable of using logic for reasoning on concrete evidence
- they understand differences and similarities
- less egocentric
Explain Formal operations stage
- highest level of thinking attained by man
- ability to critique and debate
- able to concentrate his thoughts on things that have no existence - except in his/her mind
