B. F. Skinner Flashcards
1
Q
Explain the Skinner box
A
- A small box in which an animal is free to roam around in
- Pressing bar/button frequently for reward
- The rate of responding will increase
2
Q
What is conditioning?
A
Refers to the strengthening of behaviors which results from reinforcement
3
Q
Explain Type S conditioning
A
- S = stimulus
- Pavlovian concept of conditioning (pairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimulus)
- respondent behavior->response (the importance of drawing out a response from the organism)
- RESPONSES ARE CONTROLLED BY CONSEQUENCES
4
Q
Explain Type R conditioning
A
- R = response
- emphasis end response
- operates on environment to produce an effect
- operant behavior
5
Q
Reinforcement
A
- response strengthening - making response more likely to occur
- reinforcer - any stimulus/event following a response that leads to response strengthening
- reinforcers/rewards are defined based their effects - cannot be determined in advance
- reinforcers are situationally specific - teachers must thing on their feet
6
Q
Explain positive reinforcement
A
- presenting a stimulus or adding something to a situation following a response
- increases the future likelihood of that response occurring in that situation
7
Q
Explain negative reinforcement
A
- it is NOT bad
- to remove something undesirable
- increases the future likelihood that the response will occur in that situation
8
Q
Immediacy of reinforcement
A
Responses can be established at the highest rate when reinforced
9
Q
Extinction
A
- the decline of a response strength due to reinforcement
- isn’t the same as forgetting
- forgetting is a true loss of conditioning over time
10
Q
What is a primary reinforcer?
A
- need for survival
* food, water and shelter
11
Q
What is a secondary reinforcer?
A
- conditioned through their association with primary reinforcers
- bottled/purified water
12
Q
Explain the Premack Principle
A
- takes time - observing and teacher energy
- observing what people do when they have a chance
- ordered in terms or likelihood (most - least likely chosen option)
- able to be done in a smaller class
- order is not permanent - order may change
13
Q
Explain punishment
A
- decreases the future likelihood of response/responding to a stimulus
- may involve withdrawing a positive reinforcer/presenting a negative reinforcer following a response
- suppressed a response but doesn’t eliminate it
- punished response may return if threat of punishment is removed
14
Q
Give the 4 alternatives to punishment
A
- Change the discriminative stimuli for negative behavior
- Allow the unwanted behavior to continue until the perpetrator becomes satiated
- Ignore it
- Use positive reinforcement
15
Q
Reinforcement _____ in behavior
A
Increases
