Jawed Fishes

Question 1

Super class Gnathostomasta

Answer 1

Jawed Vertebrates

Question 2

Class Chondrichthyes

Answer 2

Cartilaginous fish

Question 3

Cartilaginous fish

Answer 3

Class Chondrichthyes

Question 4

shark species

Answer 4

10

Question 5

Skate species

Answer 5

9

Question 6

Ray species

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Lateral line

Answer 7

Part of acoustico lateralis system

Question 8

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Answer 8

sensitive to weak electric feilds (and possibly temperature, water pressure and salinity)

Question 9

How do sharks increase surface area in gut?

Answer 9

Spiral valve

Question 10

Claspers (in males)

Answer 10

modified inner edges of pelvic fins:
clasper inserted into female cloaca for sperm trans
fer

Question 11

oviparous

Answer 11

eggs laid outside the

mother’s body

Question 12

ovoviviparous

Answer 12

mother retains
eggs in uterus; embryo nourished
by egg yolk; young born alive

Question 13

viviparous

Answer 13

embryos develop in
the uterus nourished by the
mother’s blood through a placenta

Question 14

Skates and rays (known as)

Answer 14

Batoids

Question 15

Rays- characteristics

Answer 15

swim by flapping pectorals

long, thin tail without fins

stingray tail with spine

1-lobed pelvic fins

ovoviviparous

Question 16

Skates- characteristics

Answer 16

swim by undulating pectorals

thicker tail with dorsal fins

tail may have thorns

2-lobed pelvic fins

oviparous

Question 17

2 species of sturgeon

Answer 17

Green Sturgeon (
Acipenser medirostris

White Sturgeon (
Acipenser transmontanus

Question 18

Sturgeon Characteristics

Answer 18

Sturgeon

cartilaginous
skeleton

heterocercal
tail

bony scutes
– modified ganoid scales

4 barbels

toothless -
preys on
benthic invertebrates
and scavenges
dead fish

Question 19

How bony fishes achieve neutral buoyancy

Answer 19

Swim Bladder

Question 20

2 types of swim bladders

Answer 20

Open, Closed

Question 21

Open swim bladder

Answer 21

connected to gut: gas exchange
via esophagus:
- inflate by gulping air
- deflate by gas-spitting

Question 22

Closed Swim bladder

Answer 22

gas exchange via circulatory system

inflate with the gas gland (system of capillaries)

deflate by diffusion of gases through the “oval”
(oval patch of dense capillaries) into the blood

Question 23

ectotherms

Answer 23

use environmental

temperature to regulate body temperature.

Question 24

osmoconformer

Answer 24

no regulation

Question 25

iso-osmotic

Answer 25

osmotic concentration (urea,
TMAO) equal to seawater

Question 26

hypo-osmotic

Answer 26

excess salt excreted in a concentrated urine

and through gills

Question 27

hyper-osmotic

Answer 27

excess water excreted in a dilute

urine