JAUNDICE Flashcards
What does the liver produce?
Clotting factors, Bile acids, CHO - Glucose, Glycogen Proteins - Albumin Synthesis Lipids - Cholesterol, Lipoprotein, TG synthesis Hormones - Angiotensin, Insulin-LikeGF
What is the livers detoxifying role?
Urea production from ammonia
Detoxifying Drugs
Bilirubin metabolism
Breakdown of Insulin and hormones
What is the livers immune fx?
Combats infection
Clearing blood
Neutralising Drugs
What is the livers storage fx?
Stores Glycogen
Vit A, D, B12 and K
Cu and Fe
What do LFT’s test?
Bilrubin, Aminotransferases Alkaline Phosphotase Gamma GT Albumin Prothrombin time Creatinine Platelet count
What is Bilirubin?
Byproduct of heme metabolism from old RBC in spleen
Initially bound to albumin
In which condition is Bilirubin elevated prehepatically?
Heamolysis
In which condition is Bilirubin elevated hepatically?
Paraenchymal damage
In which condition is Bilirubin elevated posthepatically?
Obstruction
What are aminotransferases?
Enzymes in heaptocytes
What does raised ALT suggest?
There is paraenchymal involvement
What are the two main types of Aminotransferase and where are they?
Alanine transferase - Liver
Asparate Transamines - Liver, heart, muscle, kidney and pancreas
What is alkaline phosphotase?
Enzyme present in bile duct
When is ALP elevated?
Obstruction or liver infiltration
Other than the liver where else is ALP found?
Bones, placenta and Intestine
What is Gamma GT?
Non specific liver enzyme
When is Gamma GT elevated?
With alcohol use or some NSAID like drugs
What does low albumin suggest?
Chronic Liver Disease, [can be low in kidney disorders and malnutrition]
What in relation to the liver and spleen can make thrombopoetin low?
Cirrhosis can cause splenomegaly
Indirect marker of portal HT
What are some symptoms of Liver Failure?
Jaundice,
Ascites,
Variceal Bleeding
Hepatic encaphelopathy
When is jaundice detectable?
When Bilirubin levels exceed 34 µmol/L
What could jaundices DD be?
Carotenemia
