Jarvis Chapter 1 Critical Thinking & Evidence-Informed Assessment

Question 1

The purpose of assessment is to ___.

Answer 1

make a judgment or diagnosis on the basis of data from various sources.

Question 2

Diagnostic reasoning is the ____.

Answer 2

process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify diagnoses.

Question 3

4 components of diagnostic reasoning:

Answer 3

1. Attending to initially available cues
2. Formulating diagnostic hypotheses
3. Gathering data relative to the tentative hypotheses
4. Evaluating each hypothesis with the new data collected, arriving to a final diagnosis.

Question 4

The nursing process is a ____.

Answer 4

systematic method of planning and providing patient care organized around a series of phrases that integrate evidence-informed practice and critical thinking.

Question 5

The nursing process typically includes 5 phases:

Answer 5

1. Assessment
2. Nursing diagnosis
3. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation

Question 6

Critical thinking skills are organized in a logical progression according to how these skills might be used in the nursing process:

Answer 6

• Identify assumptions
• Identify an organized and comprehensive approach to assessment
• Validate or check the accuracy and reliability of data
• Distinguish normal from abnormal when signs and symptoms are identified
• Make inferences or hypotheses
• Cluster related cues, which helps you see relationships among the data
• Distinguish relevant from irrelevant
• Recognize inconsistencies
• Identify patterns
• Identify missing information, gaps in data, or a need for more data to make a diagnosis
• Promote health by identifying priorities with the patient, assessing risk factors, and considering a patient’s social context
• Diagnose actual and potential (risk) problem from the assessment data
• Set priorities when a patient has more than one health or illness issue occurring concurrently
• Identify patient-centred expected outcomes
• Determine specific interventions that will achieve positive outcomes
• Evaluate and revise your thinking
• Determine a comprehensive plan or evaluate and update the plan

Question 7

Biomedical model

Answer 7

Health and disease are viewed as two ends of a continuum. There is a focus on diagnosis and treatment of those pathogens and the curing of disease. Health is achieved when the signs and symptoms have been eliminated.

Question 8

Behavioural model

Answer 8

Health care extends beyond treatment disease including secondary and primary preventions, with emphasis on changing behaviours and lifestyles.

Question 9

Socioenvironmental model

Answer 9

Incorporates sociological and environmental aspects in addition to biomedical and behavioural ones. WHO defines health as a resource for living and as the abilities to realize goals and aspirations, meet personal needs, and change or cope with everyday life.