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Japan Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Japan’s earliest civilization?

A

Jomon Culture

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2
Q

How did the Japanese live during the Jomon Culture?

A

They were hunters & gatherers, and decorated pottery by twisting rope around wet clay.

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3
Q

Describe the Yayoi period of Japan

A

Society depended on rice and followed techniques for irrigation, planting and harvesting that is still used today in modern culture.

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4
Q

What paved the way for a larger, more powerful government leader?

A

Rice Kingdoms

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5
Q

What is a Clan?

A

Social groups of friends and family.

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6
Q

Describe the Yamato period of Japan

A

Clans were scattered throughout the country and unified under a single clan called the Yamato.

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7
Q

How did the Yamato become influential, political and religious leaders?

A

They were descendants of the Japanese Sun Goddess named Amaterasu. They had the responsibility to protect nations.

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8
Q

During this early period of Japanese history, who were the Japanese inspired by?

A

Korean and Chinese achievements.

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9
Q

How did China influence Japan’s writing system?

A

They used simplified forms of Chinese characters to create a writing system of their own.

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10
Q

What did Korean craftsmen teach the Japanese to make?

A

Tools and ornaments of bronze and iron.

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11
Q

The Japanese had long practiced what religion?

A

Shinto

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12
Q

What religion eventually took root in Japan?

A

Buddhism

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13
Q

What did this new religion of Buddhism increase Japan’s fascination with?

A

Mainland culture.

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14
Q

Who was Prince Shotoku?

A

A regent to the Empress.

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15
Q

What is a Regent?

A

Someone who governs for a person who is unable to rule.

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16
Q

What family member was Shotoku a regent for?

A

His Aunt.

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17
Q

What did Prince Shotoku do to help his country learn more about Chinese ideas?

A

Go directly to China and sent young Japanese nobles there to study its culture.

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18
Q

What are 5 different Chinese examples that the Japanese followed?

A

Philosophy, literature, geography, medicine and astronomy.

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19
Q

How did Buddhism help to unite the country of Japan?

A

Limited the power of Clan leaders.

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20
Q

As the Clan leaders lost power, what happened?

A

The Emperor gained power and new governments expanded the Emperor rights to rule.

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21
Q

What did Prince Shotoku create to make sure Japan would have strong leaders in government?

A

Constitution of 17 Articles.

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22
Q

What is the set of guiding principals intended to encourage leaders to do the right thing?

A

The Constitution of 17 Articles

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23
Q

After the death of Prince Shotoku, Japan continued to adopt Chinese tradition. Explain the Taika Reform.

A

The Taika Reform gave the emperor more rights including the ability to collect taxes and control of the lands of Japan.

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24
Q

After the 800’s, the Japanese changed some Chinese ways to suit their own life. Give an example of this in relationship to their government structure.

A

The Japanese filled government positions with sons of strong Japanese clan leaders.

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25
Q

What were 3 cultural changes Japan underwent?

A
  1. Added color to blank in paintings.
  2. Wrote their own poems and sculpted in bronze.
  3. Encouraged Japanese style.
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26
Q

What is the Native religion of Japan?

A

Shinto

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27
Q

Explain Shinto

A

Shinto is Japan’s oldest religion and is based on nature.

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28
Q

What are Kami?

A

Followers that believe each part of nature contains a spirit.

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29
Q

What do believers of Shinto worship?

A

They worship Kami of mountains, rivers, rocks and trees.

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30
Q

The belief that plants and other objects have a soul is called what?

A

Animism

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31
Q

Give an example of how Animism works.

A

If you try to coax a car or computer into working, or speak kindly to a tree you are climbing so the limb doesn’t break you are practicing animism.

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32
Q

Explain the legend about the God and Goddess

A

According to legend, a god and goddess were strolling on the rainbow bridge that led from the sky to the dark sea below. They dipped a jeweled spear into the ocean and shook it into the sky. Drops of sea spray became the first island of Japan.

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33
Q

According to this legend, who became japan’s first emperor?

A

Amaterasu’s son became the first emperor and called himself the Son of Heaven.

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34
Q

What is the long ruling royal family of Japan?

A

The Yamato Clan

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35
Q

What does the name Shinto mean?

A

Way of the Gods.

36
Q

What does Shinto focus on?

A

on the gentle, beautiful aspects of nature as well as on the fierce occurrences such as earthquakes, typhoons and volcanoes.

37
Q

Where are Kami found?

A

In twisted trees or unusual insects.

38
Q

What can kami help inspire?

A

Feeling of awe in nature.

39
Q

Describe Shinto holy places.

A

Surrounded by sacred trees and have water flowing nearby.

40
Q

What did groups believe about achieving enlightenment through Buddhism?

A

some believed that you should follow Buddhas focus on meditation while others believed Buddha wanted to stay in touch with the world and help others not just focus on yourself.

41
Q

What does Zen teach people?

A

The way to peace.

42
Q

What do Zen Buddhist try to find peace through?

A

Mantra

43
Q

What is Mantra?

A

A word that is said over and over to foster spiritual growth.

44
Q

The Japanese came to see that buddhism was not a replacement for Shinto. Instead they grew to see it as what?

A

to see Buddhism as an addition.

45
Q

What is a figurehead?

A

a person who keeps a title of authority without actually having any power.

46
Q

Why was Prince Shotoku not considered an emperor of the people he ruled?

A

Because he acted as a figure head.

47
Q

How did Fujiwara Clan maintain control?

A

By strategically marrying their daughters and nieces.

48
Q

Who ruled for the young Emperor?

A

The Fujiwara leader ruled as his regent.

49
Q

Who had true control over the country?

A

The Fujiwara.

50
Q

Why was there conflict with other clans about how the Fujiwara maintained control?

A

They weren’t pleased with the way the Fujiwara kept power. They were also frustrated with how little the royal court participated in ruling.

51
Q

Which 2 Clans united to defeat the Fujiwara Clan?

A

Minamoto and Taira

52
Q

Despite their shared victory against the Fujiwara, what happened between the Minamoto and Taira clans?

A

They were both interested in being advisor of the throne.

53
Q

Who emerged as the Victor between the Minamoto and Taira?

A

The Minamoto

54
Q

Why is Minamoto Yoritomo important?

A

They had essential rank in society and people respected him.

55
Q

Explain the role of the Shogun.

A

Shogun was the supreme military leader.

56
Q

After the Minamoto Yoritomo, how did the role of the Shogun change?

A

It was no longer an advisor to the emperor and they ruled the country while allowing the emperor to live a lavish lifestyle.

57
Q

A larger land mass next to an island, peninsula or archipelago is called the what?

A

Mainland

58
Q

a chain of islands is called the what?

A

Archipelago

59
Q

the earth’s crust separated into a few sections is called the what?

A

Tectonic Plates

60
Q

the fault line between the pacific plate and the several plates surrounding it is called the what?

A

Ring of Fire

61
Q

What is the Heian Period?

A

A time of great cultural achievements.

62
Q

When did the Heian Period occur?

A

794 to 1185

63
Q

The Heian Period was a time of what?

A

A time of political and economic uncertainty.

64
Q

What was the ruling class more concerned with?

A

They were more concerned with art and romance than government and business.

65
Q

Heian court and aristocracy may have been poor leaders, but what did they lay the foundation of?

A

Japanese culture and artistic expressions.

66
Q

The Heian period is honored today for what?

A

Achievements made in Art.

67
Q

Heian aristocracy was hierarchical. What did this dedicate?

A

Educated opportunities to the number of folds in a personal fan.

68
Q

How many ranks were there in nobility?

A

30 ranks

69
Q

Care for their elite image meant little interaction with whom?

A

Little interaction with the people they ruled.

70
Q

Avoiding peasants meant the Heian nobility did not what?

A

They did not spend much time interacting or ruling the people from whom they collected taxes.

71
Q

What did members of the elite focus on?

A

They focused on playing games, doing contests and developing culture and the arts.

72
Q

What is Waka?

A

A Japanese Verse as a literary form that made it a basis for courtly communication and competition.

73
Q

Who was the Tale of Genji written by?

A

Murasaki Shikibu

74
Q

What did the Tale of Genji detail?

A

Detailed a delicate picture of life and love at court.

75
Q

What have Historians gained from Murasaki Shikibu’s writing?

A

Discovered a great deal about the values of Japanese elites of this time.

76
Q

Who was the Heian Aristocracy intrigued by?

A

Customs of China. Especially the Tang Dynasty.

77
Q

What did the Heian incorporate into their every day life?

A

Chinese Buddhist ideals and concepts. (especially the idea that beauty does not last)

78
Q

Who wrote most of the literary pieces during the Heian period?

A

Women in the Heian court.

79
Q

What rights did women have during the Heian Period?

A

Women could hold property, protection from abusive husbands by the law, and could receive education.

80
Q

What eventually decreased women’s rights?

A

Foreign influence and the adoption of Confucius beliefs.

81
Q

What did Heian art foster?

A

Many aspects of cultural development.

82
Q

What is Not theater and who is it for?

A

Noh Theater was serious and kept a bare stage for the Nobles. Actors would dress in elaborate costumes and masks and tell a story through dance.

83
Q

What is Kabuki and who was it for?

A

Kabuki is a form of theater with complex sets and costumes for the commoners.

84
Q

What is Consensus? Why was it important?

A

An agreement within a group that became important after the introduction of Confucianism.

85
Q

Explain the connection between Japanese and Chinese architecture.

A

Noble homes in Japan were built to resemble homes in China where there are several homes build around one garden. The walls could e removed in the summer months to open up the homes to the garden. Tea houses and ceremonies were adopted.

Social Studies (4 decks)

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