January Exam 2019 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are convection currents?

A

when the mantle moves the plates float on the mantle and move around the Earth’s surface

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2
Q

name the 4 layers of the earth

A

Inner core

outer core

mantle

crust

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3
Q

what is the crust

A

70 km thick

made up of sections called tectonic plates

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4
Q

what is the mantle ?

A

up to 2900 degrees

semi-liquid ( consistency of jam )

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5
Q

what is the outer core?

A

up to 2200 degrees

liquid lare

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6
Q

what is the inner core

A

solid lare

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7
Q

name the 4 types of plate boundaries

A

destructive

constructive

collision

constructive

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8
Q

what are earthquakes?

A

vibrations of the Earth’s crust caused by movement at plate boundaries and major fault lines

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9
Q

what plate boundaries do most earthquakes occur at?

A

conservative and destructive

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10
Q

what are seismic waves

A

the focus

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11
Q

what do seismic waves do

A

move out from the point where the rocks of tectonic plates move

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12
Q

what is above the focus

A

the epicentre

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13
Q

what are earthquakes measured by?

A

the Richter scale

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14
Q

what instrument is used to measure vibrations of earthquakes

A

Seismograph

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15
Q

Name some short term impacts of earthquakes

A
electricity 
debris causes injury/death
roads destroyed 
water or gas mains burst 
buildings collapse
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16
Q

name some long term effects of earthquakes

A

people lose livelihood
land slides
mental trauma
disease

17
Q

name some constructive benefits of volcanic activity

A
geothermal energy 
can fertilise soils
create land
good cement 
building materials 
can make tourist attractions
18
Q

name some destructive problems of volcanic activity

A
can cause earthquakes 
expensive repairs
damage to properties 
destroys farmlands 
can create poisonous gases and fumes
fast lava flows can catch people unexpectedly
19
Q

name the instruments to monitor volcanos

A
spectrometers
seismometers 
tilt meters
geodimeters 
thermometers
20
Q

what does the earth realease

A

a huge amount of heat energy

21
Q

what does the fluid in the lower mantle do

A

rise

22
Q

what does the cooler fluid from the upper mantle do

A

sinks

23
Q

what way do convection currents move

A

sideways

24
Q

what is development

A

change and growth occurring continuously around the world

increase of wealth for a country and cit

people quality of life or standard of living

25
Q

What is the North of the North South divide

A

MEDCS

26
Q

What is the South of the North South divide

A

LEDCS

27
Q

name some social indicators of development

A
birth rate
death rate
life expectancy 
literacy rate
people per doctor
calorie intake
infant mortality
28
Q

name some economic indicators of development

A

GNP
trade balance
energy per person
structure employment

29
Q

How do volcanoes erupt on a constructive boundary

A

magma rises from mantle and reaches surface

it solidifies and forms new crust

leads to the formation of volcanoes

common in the middle of the ocean

30
Q

How do volcanoes erupt on a destructive boundary

A

one plate is forced below the other

this then melts into magma

this can lead to an eruption

often found along coastal areas

where oceanic and continental plates meet

31
Q

Name some Environmental reasons why a country may be less developed

A

stony deserts

mountainous and hard to reach

flooding

disease

32
Q

name some Historical reasons why a country may be less developed

A

colony for 50 years
no factories were built by them
healthy adults will be sold for slavery
tribial war has been going on

33
Q

Name some Socio-Economic reasons why a country may be less developed

A

a small group of people own the countries wealth

people are suffering from AIDS

countries refuse to trade with it because of its politics

few schools, no education

price of copper has declined and they have plenty of copper to export

replay millions of dollars a year on loans