January Exam 2019

Question 1

what are convection currents?

Answer 1

when the mantle moves the plates float on the mantle and move around the Earth’s surface

Question 2

name the 4 layers of the earth

Answer 2

Inner core

outer core

mantle

crust

Question 3

what is the crust

Answer 3

70 km thick

made up of sections called tectonic plates

Question 4

what is the mantle ?

Answer 4

up to 2900 degrees

semi-liquid ( consistency of jam )

Question 5

what is the outer core?

Answer 5

up to 2200 degrees

liquid lare

Question 6

what is the inner core

Answer 6

solid lare

Question 7

name the 4 types of plate boundaries

Answer 7

destructive

constructive

collision

constructive

Question 8

what are earthquakes?

Answer 8

vibrations of the Earth’s crust caused by movement at plate boundaries and major fault lines

Question 9

what plate boundaries do most earthquakes occur at?

Answer 9

conservative and destructive

Question 10

what are seismic waves

Answer 10

the focus

Question 11

what do seismic waves do

Answer 11

move out from the point where the rocks of tectonic plates move

Question 12

what is above the focus

Answer 12

the epicentre

Question 13

what are earthquakes measured by?

Answer 13

the Richter scale

Question 14

what instrument is used to measure vibrations of earthquakes

Answer 14

Seismograph

Question 15

Name some short term impacts of earthquakes

Answer 15

electricity 
debris causes injury/death
roads destroyed 
water or gas mains burst 
buildings collapse

Question 16

name some long term effects of earthquakes

Answer 16

people lose livelihood
land slides
mental trauma
disease

Question 17

name some constructive benefits of volcanic activity

Answer 17

geothermal energy 
can fertilise soils
create land
good cement 
building materials 
can make tourist attractions

Question 18

name some destructive problems of volcanic activity

Answer 18

can cause earthquakes 
expensive repairs
damage to properties 
destroys farmlands 
can create poisonous gases and fumes
fast lava flows can catch people unexpectedly

Question 19

name the instruments to monitor volcanos

Answer 19

spectrometers
seismometers 
tilt meters
geodimeters 
thermometers

Question 20

what does the earth realease

Answer 20

a huge amount of heat energy

Question 21

what does the fluid in the lower mantle do

Answer 21

rise

Question 22

what does the cooler fluid from the upper mantle do

Answer 22

sinks

Question 23

what way do convection currents move

Answer 23

sideways

Question 24

what is development

Answer 24

change and growth occurring continuously around the world

increase of wealth for a country and cit

people quality of life or standard of living

Question 25

What is the North of the North South divide

Answer 25

MEDCS

Question 26

What is the South of the North South divide

Answer 26

LEDCS

Question 27

name some social indicators of development

Answer 27

``` birth rate death rate life expectancy literacy rate people per doctor calorie intake infant mortality ```

Question 28

name some economic indicators of development

Answer 28

GNP trade balance energy per person structure employment

Question 29

How do volcanoes erupt on a constructive boundary

Answer 29

magma rises from mantle and reaches surface it solidifies and forms new crust leads to the formation of volcanoes common in the middle of the ocean

Question 30

How do volcanoes erupt on a destructive boundary

Answer 30

one plate is forced below the other this then melts into magma this can lead to an eruption often found along coastal areas where oceanic and continental plates meet

Question 31

Name some Environmental reasons why a country may be less developed

Answer 31

stony deserts mountainous and hard to reach flooding disease

Question 32

name some Historical reasons why a country may be less developed

Answer 32

colony for 50 years no factories were built by them healthy adults will be sold for slavery tribial war has been going on

Question 33

Name some Socio-Economic reasons why a country may be less developed

Answer 33

a small group of people own the countries wealth people are suffering from AIDS countries refuse to trade with it because of its politics few schools, no education price of copper has declined and they have plenty of copper to export replay millions of dollars a year on loans