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Crane Theory > Jan18th > Flashcards

Jan18th Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What are 4 examples of hydraulic contamination

A

Heat
Dust/dirt
Moisture
Cavitation - air bubbles in fluid

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2
Q

What are 4 possible outcomes of cavitation

A

Spongy action
Chattering
Pump noise
Pump to stop

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3
Q

What are four possible outcomes of overheating hydraulics

A

Heat can cause fluid to break down
Hardens the seals
Causes leaks
Reduces power

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4
Q

What are some things that can happen to your hydraulics during cold weather operations

A

Oil gets more viscous which causes functions to slow and movements can become jerky. Multiple function operations can become difficult

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5
Q

What are some tips for cold weather operations

A

Always warm up hydraulic system
Ramp up the warm up exercises
Watch for leaks
Be sure to check oil levels and not overfill

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6
Q

What is an IC engine

A

The internal combustion engine converts chemical energy into useful mechanical energy by burning the fuel. Chemical energy is released when the fuel air mixture is ignited by a spark in the combustion chamber

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7
Q

What has a higher combustion ratio, diesel or gas engine ?

A

Diesel 17:1
Gas 8:1

The highly compressed air gets superheated which causes combustion to happen In a Diesel engine

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8
Q

What are the two types of engines

A

Four stroke

Two stroke

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9
Q

What are the four strokes in one cycle of a four stroke cycle engine

A
  1. Intake stroke
  2. Compression stroke
  3. Power stroke
  4. Exhaust stroke
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10
Q

In a two stroke engine what happens in the first and second stroke to complete on cycle

A

First stroke -intake and compression

Second stroke - power and exhaust

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11
Q

What are the components of an air system

A

Air filters
Intake manifold
Supercharger
Turbo charger

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12
Q

What are two starting aids of Diesel engines

A 
Glow plugs 
Starting fluids (gaseous mixture)
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13
Q

Define a glow plug and it’s role

A

A small electrical device that heats the combustion chamber

Acts as a pilot light to ignite the main mixture

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14
Q

What is starting fluid

A

An ether based mixture which is sprayed into the intake system
The fluid will ignite at a much lower temp which will aid in cold starting

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15
Q

What are the two types of cooling systems

A

Liquid cooled

Air cooled

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16
Q

What is the most common type of liquid cooling system

A

Independent self contained type

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17
Q

What are the 9 components of a liquid cooling system

A 
Pump 
Radiator 
Radiator cap
Thermostat 
Fan 
Filter
Belts 
Hoses
Gauges
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18
Q

Define a radiator

A

A heat exchanger which reduces the temperature of engine coolant

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19
Q

What does a pump In a liquid cooling system do

A

Circulates the coolant through the engine

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20
Q

What does a rad cap do

A

Controls the pressure in the cooling system

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21
Q

What does the thermostat do

A

Controls the amount/flow of coolant to the radiator

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22
Q

What are the hoses in a liquid cooling system made from

A

Generally made from synthetic rubber that can resist high temps oils and chemicals

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23
Q

What is the most common type of belt found on cooling systems

A

The v belt

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24
Q

Is the fan in a liquid cooling system suction or blower type

A

It can be either

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25
What external device could you use to monitor your coolant
Specific gravity tester
26
What is the most common oil system found in vehicles today
A full flow system
27
Where might you find a by pass filter system
In older applications
28
What is the advantage of a full flow and bypass system
Will allow longer oil change intervals
29
How does a dual flow system differ from full flow and bypass
They are designed with both filters in the same canister
30
What are the two types of lubrication systems
Oil system internal force feed | Splash feed oil system - mainly found on 2 stroke engines
31
What are the six parts of an oil system
``` Oil pump Oil filter Oil sump/pan Oil lines/passages Oil cooler Monitoring devices ```
32
What are five monitoring devices of an oil system
``` Pressure gauge Oil temp stick Dipstick Warning devices Sending unit ```
33
What do the numbers before and after the W indicate in muti grade oil
Numbers before the W indicate viscosity at cold temperatures | Numbers after the W indicate viscosity at hot temperatures
34
What are the six components of the fuel system
``` Tank/reservoir Filter Pump Metering system- injectors / carburetor Monitoring devices Fuel lines ```
35
What is the purpose of diesel fuel injection
To provide a metered amount of atomized fuel into the heated air of the combustion chamber
36
What are the components/roles of the chassis
The main frame Acts as the chassis for all major components of the carrier and the crane Provides a stable working platform for the crane
37
What is the purpose of a clutch
To connect or disconnect power from the engine. A clutch in good order should allow a certain amount of controlled slippage but most not slip when fully engaged
38
What are the components of a overrun/sprag clutch and what does it do
It free wheels in one direction and locks in the other Outer race Sprag Inner race
39
What does a torque converter do and what principle does it work on
Acts as a fluid clutch to automatically engage and disengage power from the engine to the automatic transmission Works on the fluid coupling principle
40
Name three types of wheels
Spoke wheel/Dayton wheel Disc wheel/bud wheel Split rim/multi piece wheel
41
Where would you see wear on an overinflated tire and on an under inflated tire
Overinflated wear in the middle | Underinflated wear on the outsides
42
What three things will you need to inflate a heavy mobile crane tire
Tire cage Clamp on air chuck PSI gauge
43
Mobile crane automatic transmissions are large and heavy duty. Most are found with how many speeds
8-10 and a crawler gear that can only be engaged when at a complete stop
44
What is the purpose of the components that make up a drive line
Connect the transmission to the drive axels
45
What are most drive shafts made from, what do they do
Most drive shafts are made from high tensile steel tube with a yoke on one end and a male stub spine welded to the other end. The drive shaft connects the transmission to the rear axels to form a drive line
46
What are the components that make up the differentials and what do they do
Diff case Side gear Spider gear Ring gear Allows the wheels to turn at different speeds
47
If you had a big gear driving a small gear would you have more speed less torque ?
Yes Small gear driving big gear gives less speed more torque
48
What is the purpose and components of planetary hubs
Planetary hubs are assemblies connected directly to the driving wheels, they provide a final gear reduction Ring gear Sun gear Planet pinions
49
What are the two most common types of suspension on mobile cranes
Solid walking beam suspension | Hydraulic suspension
50
What is another type of suspension sometimes found on boom trucks
Air ride suspension
51
All modern crane carriers are equipped with air brakes. Name the three main styles
``` Drum brakes with s-cam actuators -automatic or manual slack adjusters Drum brakes using wedge actuators - wedge actuators have no manual adjustment Disc brake ```
52
What is caging
A method of releasing brakes in an emergency situation
53
Are all steering systems in truck cranes hydraulically assisted ?
Yes
54
What is the difference in a 12/24 voltage system compared to a 12 or a 24
12/24 volt system gives 24 volts to the starting system and 12 volts to the rest of the crane A series parallel switch is used to supply the starter with the 24 volts
55
What are the four main electrical systems
Starting Charging Ignition Monitoring
56
What are six components of the electrical system
``` Ignition switch Alternator Starter motor batteries Wiring Fuses/breakers ```
57
What is another term for fuses/breakers
Overload protection devices
58
What will double when you wire batteries in parallel and what is the advantage
The amps will double | You will get a longer run time
59
If you wire batteries in series what will double
Voltage will double
60
What would you use to test a battery
Volt meter or load tester
61
What would you use an ammeter for
To indicate the amount of current flowing into or(charging) or out of(discharging) a charging circuit
62
What are the four steps to boosting a battery
Hook up positive terminal of dead battery Hook up positive terminal to starting vehicle battery Hook up negative terminal to starting vehicle battery Hook up negative clamp to engine black or frame of dead battery vehicle
63
What are the six most common manufactures of Diesel engines in cranes
``` Cat Detroit Cummings Liebherr Mercedes Benz Volvo ```
64
What are the three major functions of transmissions automatic or manual
Accept power from the engine Provide a neutral position so the engine can run free without moving the carrier Provide a reverse gear
65
What does the size, type and number of speeds in a manual transmission depend upon
The size and weight of the carrier and the rear axle assembly
66
What are 8 types of gears and where would you find them
``` Spur gears (transmissions) Straight bevel gears (industrial equipment/some differentials) Spiral bevel gears (industrial equipment/some differentials) Worm gear set (gear reduction boxes) Hypoid gears (differentials) Planetary gear set (transmissions) Helical gears (transmissions) Herringbone gears (transmissions) ```
67
What are two different types of accumulators found on the suspension
Bladder accumulator | Piston accumulator
68
What are a few things you can perform for battery maintenance
Maintain electrolyte level Keep all posts and cables clean and tight Charging a lead acid battery
69
Two types of hydraulic control
Directional control | Pressure control

Crane Theory (6 decks)

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