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Crane Theory > Jan18th > Flashcards

Jan18th Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 examples of hydraulic contamination

A

Heat
Dust/dirt
Moisture
Cavitation - air bubbles in fluid

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2
Q

What are 4 possible outcomes of cavitation

A

Spongy action
Chattering
Pump noise
Pump to stop

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3
Q

What are four possible outcomes of overheating hydraulics

A

Heat can cause fluid to break down
Hardens the seals
Causes leaks
Reduces power

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4
Q

What are some things that can happen to your hydraulics during cold weather operations

A

Oil gets more viscous which causes functions to slow and movements can become jerky. Multiple function operations can become difficult

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5
Q

What are some tips for cold weather operations

A

Always warm up hydraulic system
Ramp up the warm up exercises
Watch for leaks
Be sure to check oil levels and not overfill

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6
Q

What is an IC engine

A

The internal combustion engine converts chemical energy into useful mechanical energy by burning the fuel. Chemical energy is released when the fuel air mixture is ignited by a spark in the combustion chamber

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7
Q

What has a higher combustion ratio, diesel or gas engine ?

A

Diesel 17:1
Gas 8:1

The highly compressed air gets superheated which causes combustion to happen In a Diesel engine

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8
Q

What are the two types of engines

A

Four stroke

Two stroke

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9
Q

What are the four strokes in one cycle of a four stroke cycle engine

A
  1. Intake stroke
  2. Compression stroke
  3. Power stroke
  4. Exhaust stroke
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10
Q

In a two stroke engine what happens in the first and second stroke to complete on cycle

A

First stroke -intake and compression

Second stroke - power and exhaust

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11
Q

What are the components of an air system

A

Air filters
Intake manifold
Supercharger
Turbo charger

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12
Q

What are two starting aids of Diesel engines

A 
Glow plugs 
Starting fluids (gaseous mixture)
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13
Q

Define a glow plug and it’s role

A

A small electrical device that heats the combustion chamber

Acts as a pilot light to ignite the main mixture

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14
Q

What is starting fluid

A

An ether based mixture which is sprayed into the intake system
The fluid will ignite at a much lower temp which will aid in cold starting

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15
Q

What are the two types of cooling systems

A

Liquid cooled

Air cooled

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16
Q

What is the most common type of liquid cooling system

A

Independent self contained type

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17
Q

What are the 9 components of a liquid cooling system

A 
Pump 
Radiator 
Radiator cap
Thermostat 
Fan 
Filter
Belts 
Hoses
Gauges
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18
Q

Define a radiator

A

A heat exchanger which reduces the temperature of engine coolant

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19
Q

What does a pump In a liquid cooling system do

A

Circulates the coolant through the engine

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20
Q

What does a rad cap do

A

Controls the pressure in the cooling system

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21
Q

What does the thermostat do

A

Controls the amount/flow of coolant to the radiator

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22
Q

What are the hoses in a liquid cooling system made from

A

Generally made from synthetic rubber that can resist high temps oils and chemicals

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23
Q

What is the most common type of belt found on cooling systems

A

The v belt

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24
Q

Is the fan in a liquid cooling system suction or blower type

A

It can be either

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25
Q

What external device could you use to monitor your coolant

A

Specific gravity tester

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26
Q

What is the most common oil system found in vehicles today

A

A full flow system

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27
Q

Where might you find a by pass filter system

A

In older applications

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28
Q

What is the advantage of a full flow and bypass system

A

Will allow longer oil change intervals

29
Q

How does a dual flow system differ from full flow and bypass

A

They are designed with both filters in the same canister

30
Q

What are the two types of lubrication systems

A

Oil system internal force feed

Splash feed oil system - mainly found on 2 stroke engines

31
Q

What are the six parts of an oil system

A 
Oil pump 
Oil filter 
Oil sump/pan
Oil lines/passages 
Oil cooler
Monitoring devices
32
Q

What are five monitoring devices of an oil system

A 
Pressure gauge 
Oil temp stick 
Dipstick 
Warning devices 
Sending unit
33
Q

What do the numbers before and after the W indicate in muti grade oil

A

Numbers before the W indicate viscosity at cold temperatures

Numbers after the W indicate viscosity at hot temperatures

34
Q

What are the six components of the fuel system

A 
Tank/reservoir 
Filter 
Pump
Metering system- injectors / carburetor 
Monitoring devices 
Fuel lines
35
Q

What is the purpose of diesel fuel injection

A

To provide a metered amount of atomized fuel into the heated air of the combustion chamber

36
Q

What are the components/roles of the chassis

A

The main frame
Acts as the chassis for all major components of the carrier and the crane
Provides a stable working platform for the crane

37
Q

What is the purpose of a clutch

A

To connect or disconnect power from the engine. A clutch in good order should allow a certain amount of controlled slippage but most not slip when fully engaged

38
Q

What are the components of a overrun/sprag clutch and what does it do

A

It free wheels in one direction and locks in the other
Outer race
Sprag
Inner race

39
Q

What does a torque converter do and what principle does it work on

A

Acts as a fluid clutch to automatically engage and disengage power from the engine to the automatic transmission
Works on the fluid coupling principle

40
Q

Name three types of wheels

A

Spoke wheel/Dayton wheel
Disc wheel/bud wheel
Split rim/multi piece wheel

41
Q

Where would you see wear on an overinflated tire and on an under inflated tire

A

Overinflated wear in the middle

Underinflated wear on the outsides

42
Q

What three things will you need to inflate a heavy mobile crane tire

A

Tire cage
Clamp on air chuck
PSI gauge

43
Q

Mobile crane automatic transmissions are large and heavy duty. Most are found with how many speeds

A

8-10 and a crawler gear that can only be engaged when at a complete stop

44
Q

What is the purpose of the components that make up a drive line

A

Connect the transmission to the drive axels

45
Q

What are most drive shafts made from, what do they do

A

Most drive shafts are made from high tensile steel tube with a yoke on one end and a male stub spine welded to the other end. The drive shaft connects the transmission to the rear axels to form a drive line

46
Q

What are the components that make up the differentials and what do they do

A

Diff case
Side gear
Spider gear
Ring gear

Allows the wheels to turn at different speeds

47
Q

If you had a big gear driving a small gear would you have more speed less torque ?

A

Yes

Small gear driving big gear gives less speed more torque

48
Q

What is the purpose and components of planetary hubs

A

Planetary hubs are assemblies connected directly to the driving wheels, they provide a final gear reduction
Ring gear
Sun gear
Planet pinions

49
Q

What are the two most common types of suspension on mobile cranes

A

Solid walking beam suspension

Hydraulic suspension

50
Q

What is another type of suspension sometimes found on boom trucks

A

Air ride suspension

51
Q

All modern crane carriers are equipped with air brakes. Name the three main styles

A 
Drum brakes with s-cam actuators 
-automatic or manual slack adjusters 
Drum brakes using wedge actuators 
- wedge actuators have no manual adjustment 
Disc brake
52
Q

What is caging

A

A method of releasing brakes in an emergency situation

53
Q

Are all steering systems in truck cranes hydraulically assisted ?

A

Yes

54
Q

What is the difference in a 12/24 voltage system compared to a 12 or a 24

A

12/24 volt system gives 24 volts to the starting system and 12 volts to the rest of the crane
A series parallel switch is used to supply the starter with the 24 volts

55
Q

What are the four main electrical systems

A

Starting
Charging
Ignition
Monitoring

56
Q

What are six components of the electrical system

A 
Ignition switch 
Alternator 
Starter motor
 batteries 
Wiring 
Fuses/breakers
57
Q

What is another term for fuses/breakers

A

Overload protection devices

58
Q

What will double when you wire batteries in parallel and what is the advantage

A

The amps will double

You will get a longer run time

59
Q

If you wire batteries in series what will double

A

Voltage will double

60
Q

What would you use to test a battery

A

Volt meter or load tester

61
Q

What would you use an ammeter for

A

To indicate the amount of current flowing into or(charging) or out of(discharging) a charging circuit

62
Q

What are the four steps to boosting a battery

A

Hook up positive terminal of dead battery
Hook up positive terminal to starting vehicle battery
Hook up negative terminal to starting vehicle battery
Hook up negative clamp to engine black or frame of dead battery vehicle

63
Q

What are the six most common manufactures of Diesel engines in cranes

A 
Cat 
Detroit 
Cummings 
Liebherr
Mercedes Benz
Volvo
64
Q

What are the three major functions of transmissions automatic or manual

A

Accept power from the engine
Provide a neutral position so the engine can run free without moving the carrier
Provide a reverse gear

65
Q

What does the size, type and number of speeds in a manual transmission depend upon

A

The size and weight of the carrier and the rear axle assembly

66
Q

What are 8 types of gears and where would you find them

A 
Spur gears (transmissions)
Straight bevel gears (industrial equipment/some differentials)
Spiral bevel gears (industrial equipment/some differentials) 
Worm gear set (gear reduction boxes)
Hypoid gears (differentials) 
Planetary gear set (transmissions) 
Helical gears (transmissions) 
Herringbone gears (transmissions)
67
Q

What are two different types of accumulators found on the suspension

A

Bladder accumulator

Piston accumulator

68
Q

What are a few things you can perform for battery maintenance

A

Maintain electrolyte level
Keep all posts and cables clean and tight
Charging a lead acid battery

69
Q

Two types of hydraulic control

A

Directional control

Pressure control

Crane Theory (6 decks)

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