James’ Deck Flashcards
Object Relations Theory places emphasis on the ___________ as the driving psychological force in development.
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Environment
B) Ego
The four broad stages of interpersonal development in early life according to object relations theory are:
A) oral, anal, phallic, and latency
B) hope, will, purpose, confidence
C) fusion, symbiosis, separation/individualization, constancy
D) none of the above
C) I. FUSION with the mother (3-4 weeks)
II. SYMBIOSIS (3-8 months)
III. SEPARATION/INDIVIDUALIZATION (4/5 month)
IV. CONSTANCY of self and object (by 36 month)
Allport defined _____________ as “the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought.”
A) Identity
B) Frame of Reference
C) Subconscious
D) Personality
D) Personality
Lemon is called the “father of social psychology” and particularly celebrated for his work in combatting racial and religious prejudices that laid the groundwork for:
A) Community mental health outreach to marginalized populations
B) The modern concept of multicultural counseling
C) Sensitivity training
D) None of the above
C) Sensitivity training
Meichenbaum, though a proponent of the constructivist perspective of counseling theory, is considered to be one of the founders of modern ______________.
A) existentialism
B) gestaltism
C) cognitive-behavior theory
D) behaviorism
C) cognitive-behavior theory
_______________ is Albert Bandura’s teen for the idea that each person is influenced by and at the same time exerts influence on his or her environment.
A) Reciprocity
B) Transactional Analysis
C) Reciprocal Determinism
D) Unconscious Suggestion
C) Reciprocal Determinism
________________ is the study of conscious experiences from a first-person viewpoint.
A) Phenomenology
B) Logotherapy
C) Narrative Study
D) None of the above
A) Phenomenology
Albert Ellis introduced _____________, a form of psychotherapy designed to help clients change dysfunction by focusing on their beliefs and attitudes that cause problematic behaviors or emotions.
A) Reality Therapy
B) Rational Emotive Therapy
C) Cognitive Therapy
D) Person-Centered Therapy
B) Rational Emotive Therapy
A _____________ is a test covering material from different subjects.
A) vertical test
B) horizontal test
C) diagonal test
D) spiral test
B) horizontal test
The ______ is the average score from a group of tests.
A) mode
B) mean
C) median
D) middle
B) mean
The ________ is the score that occurs most frequently in a set of scores.
A) mode
B) mean
C) medium
D) range
A) mode
The range is the __________________.
A) the square of the standard deviation
B) how widely the scores are spread from the mean
C) the amount a score deviates from the norm
D) the highest score minus the lowest score
D) the highest score minus the lowest score
Which of the following is a definition of “standard deviation”?
A) the amount a score deviates from the norm
B) the amount a score deviates from the median
C) how widely spread the scores are from the mean
D) none of the above
C) how widely spread the scores are from the mean
The _______ is the amount a score deviates from the norm.
A) skew
B) range
C) deviance
D) variance
A) skew
To measure the variance of test results, you must first calculate the ______________.
A) mean
B) median
C) standard deviation
D) range
A) mean OR C) standard deviation are correct
- you must first calculate mean to get standard deviation
- variance is the square of standard deviation
A _____________ test compares the taker’s results to others’ results and can be ranked by percentile.
A) comparative
B) weighted
C) normative
D) ipsative
C) normative
Which of the following test formats allows the takers results to be compared to previous test attempts?
A) dichotomous
B) ipsative
C) reflective
D) assessment
B) ipsative
A _________________ is an unstructured test that may reveal basic personality, concealed feelings, and internal conflicts.
A) Free choice test
B) Cyclical test
C) Projective test
D) Spiral test
C) Projective test
A ________ test starts with easy questions and progresses to hard ones.
A) Vertical
B) Cyclical
C) Battery
D) Spiral
D) Spiral
What statistical measure does the following statement describe?
The number that shows the percent of a data distribution equal to or below it.
A) variance
B) difficulty index
C) percentile
D) none of the above
C) percentile
If you score better than 85% of participants, you’re in the 85th percentile
A _________ measures self esteem by choosing statement bearing cards range from “most like me” to “least like me”.
A) q-sort
B) t-sort
C) e-sort
D) z-sort
A) q-sort
Which score is a method for determining a standardized score?
Hint: to measure, subtract the mean from an individual score then divide by the standard deviation.
A) b-score
B) z-score
C) t-score
D) d-score
B) z-score
Which of the following is a score within a normative distribution with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10?
A) y-score
B) t-score
C) z-score
D) c-score
B) t-score
The ___________ of a test is the degree to which it measures what it is designed to measure. The content of the test must accurately measure the skills or information learned.
A) validity
B) reliability
C) efficiency
D) none of the above
A) validity
__________________ is a statistical concept where earning a very low score or a very high score on a pretext means the individual will probably score close to the mean in the posttest. The error is due to chance, personal and environmental factors that will be different on the posttest.
A) Standard error of judgement
B) regression to the mean
C) construct validity
D predictive validity
B) regression to the mean
Which of the following is a chart used to indicate the degree to which an attribute of characteristic exists?
A) coefficient of determination
B) correlation coefficient
C) rating scale
D) reliability
C) rating scale
Reliability is:
A) the consistency with which a test yields similar results
B) the degree to which the test measures what it is designed to measure
C) the degree to which the content of the test reflects the subject matter
D) all of the above
A) the consistency with which a test yields similar results
A ______________ refers to any form of mental testing.
A) intrusive measurement
B) clinical assessment
C) psychometric
D) none of the above
C) psychometric
_______________ was coined by Levy Moreno and is a method of tracking the relationship of individuals within a group.
A) Sociometry
B) Sociology
C) Psychosocial Evolution
D) None of the above
A) Sociometry
______________ tests are used to assess speed, coordination, and general movement responses.
A) Mechanical aptitude
B) Psychomotor
C) Refex
D) Psychokinetic
B) Psychomotor
The following describes which Attachment style?
Clients may seek intimacy but may become overly dependent on others, sometimes causing others to back away, leaving the clients feeling lonely and questioning their self-worth.
A) anxious preoccupied
B) dismissive-avoidant
C) fearful avoidant
D) secure
A) anxious preoccupied
The following describes which Attachment style?
Clients feel positively about themselves and others and are able to establish close relationships with others while maintaining a sense of independence.
A) anxious preoccupied
B) dismissive-avoidant
C) fearful-avoidant
D) secure
D) secure
The following describes which Attachment style?
Clients may feel uncomfortable with close attachments because of fear of getting hurt (often because of past trauma) and may have difficulty expressing feeling of affection, resulting in few close relationships and, therefore, increased loneliness.
A) anxious preoccupied
B) dismissive-avoidant
C) fearful-avoidant
D) secure
C) fearful-avoidant
The following describes which Attachment style?
Clients may feel a strong need for independence and may avoid intimacy with others, stating they have no need of attachments and suppressing feelings, resulting in few close friends.
A) anxious preoccupied
B) dismissive-avoidant
C) fearful-avoidant
D) secure
B) dismissive avoidant
Which of the following characterizes SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER?
A) lack of concern for social relationships and a restricted range of emotional experience and expression
B) deficits in interpersonal connectedness; peculiarities in various thought, perception, speech and behavior patterns
C) pervasive and inappropriate interpretation of others’ actions as threatening or demeaning
D) none of the above
A) lack of concern for social relationships and a restricted range of emotional experience and expression
The vast majority of bulimics are
A) teenagers
B) often suffering from a chemical imbalance
C) female
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER is characterized by
A) instability in relationships, mood, and self-image, unpredictable and impulsive acting out, which can be self destructive
B) excessive emotionality and attention seeking behavior, constant seeking of reassurance, approval, or praise
C) a history of chronic irresponsible and antisocial behavior, beginning in childhood or adolescence
D) all of the above
C) a history of chronic irresponsible and antisocial behavior, beginning in childhood or adolescence
What research term does the following describe?
“The researcher interprets the results of a study in the simplest and least complex manner possible, sometimes referred to as Occam’s Razor.”
A) Parameter
B) Meta-Analysis
C) Parsimony
D) Factor Analysis
C) Parsimony
A _____________ is a value calculated from a data sample.
A) Parameter
B) Probability
C) Ratio
D) Statistic
D) Statistic
A ________________ is a value used to represent a characteristic of a population.
A) parameter
B) correlation
C) parsimony
D) none of the above
A) parameter
_________________ is the counselor’s responsibility to provide clients with services that meet the standards of the profession.
A) Professional competence
B) Professional standard
C) Professional liability
D) Professional standard
C) Professional liability
What kind of study focuses on the characteristics of multiple groups?
A) longitudinal study
B) latitudinal study
C) cross-sectional study
D) none of the above
C) cross-sectional study
Homoscedasticity is a situation best described as:
A) when statistical variances are unequal
B) when statistical variances are assumed to be equal
C) when there is no statistical variance
D) none of the above
B) when statistical variances are assumed to be equal
Heteroscedasticity is a situation best described as:
A) when statistical variances are unequal
B) when statistical variances are assumed to be equal
C) when there is no statistical variance
D) none of the above
A) when statistical variances are unequal
___________________ is a procedure in which the researcher uses a correlation coefficient to learn about the relationship between multiple independent variables and a dependent variable.
A) linear regression
B) multiple regression
C) scatterplot analysis
D) derivative regression
B) multiple regression
________________ examines the relationships among a group of variables for the purpose of determining the simplest explanation for those relationships.
A) linear regression
B) multiple regression
C) cross-sectional analysis
D) factor analysis
D) factor analysis
Which law mandates that states provide a free education for all disabled children between the ages of 6 and 17 (as well as 3-5 and 18-21 if the state provides education to non-disabled children in those age groups), that handicapped people will be provided with the least restrictive environment possible, and that each child is provided with an Individual Education Plan (IEP)?
A) PL94-124 The Education Act for All Handicapped Children
B) PL73-235 The Equal Education Act
C) The 1958 National Defense Education Act
D) none of the above
A) PL94-124
