Human Growth And Development Flashcards
Frued’s stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson’s stages are A. Psychometric B. Psychodiagnostic C. Psychopharmacological D. Psychosocial
D. Psychosocial
In Freud’s psychodynamic theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Eriksonis an ego paychologist. Ego psychologists
A. Emphasize id processes
B. Refute the concept of the super ego
C. Believe in man’s power of reasoning to controm behaviors
D. Are sometimes known as radical behaviorists
C. Believe in man’s power of reasoning to control behaviors
- psychodynamic theorists focus on unconscious processes rather than cognotive factors when counseling clients t
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was
A. Erik Erikson
B. Milton H. Erikson
C. A.A. Brill
D. Jean piaget, who created the four stage theory
A. Eric Erikson ( eight stages)
The statement “the ego is dependent of rhe id” would most liekly reflecy the work of
A. Erik Erikson
B. Sigmund Freud, who created paychodynamic theory
C. Jay Haley
D. Arnold Lazarus, William Perry, and Robert Kegan
B. Sigmund Freud
Jean piaget created his idiographic approach theory woth four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is
A. Formal operations, concreate operations, periperations, sensorimotor
B. Formal operations, preoperations, concrete operations, sensorimotor
C. Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
D. Concrete operations, sensorimotor, preoperations, formal operations
C. Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
Piaget was adamant that the ordee of the stages remains the same for any culture , although the age of the individual could vary
Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget’s developmental research inasmuch as
A. He utilized the t test too frequently
B. He failed to check for Type I or alpha errors
C. He worked primarily woth minority children
D. His findings were often dervived from observing his own children
D, his findings were often derived from observing his own children
A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied i to a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered A. Symbolic schema B. Conservation C. Androgynous psychosocial issues D. Trust versus mistrust
B. Conservation
- which refers to the notion that a substance’s weight, mass, and volume remaij the same even if it changes shape
In Piagetiam literature, conservation would most likely refer to A. Volume or mass B. Defenses of the ego C. The sensorimotor intelligence stage D. A specific psychosexual stage of life
A. Volume or mass
A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as
A. Formal operations- 12 years and older
B. Concrete operations- 7-11 years
C. Preoperations- 2-7 years
D. Sensorimotor intelligence-birth -2 years
B. Concrete operations- ages 7-11 years
Concrete and conservation
\_\_\_\_expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of koral development A. Erik Erikson B. Lev Vygotsky C. Lawrence Kohlberg D. John B. Wilson
C. Lawrence Kohlberg
- Kohlberg’s, Erikson’s and Maslow’s theories are said to be epigenetic in nature
- epigenetic states that each stage emerges from the one before it
According to Jean Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third staye, known as conconrete operations or operational thought. This notion suggests
A. That heavier objects are more difficult for a child to lift
B. The child is ambidextrous
C. The child is more cognizant for mass than weight
D. One can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial shape ( ex a glass of water)
D. This is reversibility
During a thunderstorm , a six year old child in Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought ( stage two) says, “The rain is following me.” This is an example of A. Egocentrism B. Conservation C. Centration D. Abstract thought
A. Egocentrism
- conveys the fact thay the child cannot view the world from the vantage point of someone esle
Lawrence Kohlberg suggested A. A single level or morality B. Two levels of morality C. Three levels of morality D. Preoperational thought as a basis for morality
C. Three levels of morality
- the preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
The Heinz dilemma is to Kohlberg’s theory as
A. A brick is to a house
B. Freud is to Jung
C. The Menniger Clinic is to biofeedback
D. A typing test is to the level of typing skill masteres
D. A typing test is to thw level of typing skills mastered
- the Heinz dilemma is one method used by Kohlberg to assess the level and stage of moral development in an individual
The term identity crisis comes from the work of the
A. The counselors who stress RS involvement issues with clients
B. Erikson
C. Adler
D. Jung
B. Erikson felt that in an attempt to find out who they really are, adolescents will experiment with various roles
Kohlberg’s three levels or morality are
Preconventional, conventional postconventional
Trust versus mistrust is
A. An Alderian notion of morality
B. Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development
C. Essentially equivalent to Piaget’s concept of egocentrism
D. The basis of morality according to Kohlberg
B. The first of Erikson’s 8 stages
A person who has successfully mastered Erikson’s first seven stages would be ready to enter Erikson’s final or eighth stage, A. Generativiry versus stagnation B. Initiative versus guilt C. Identity crisis of the later years D. Integrity versus despair
D. Integrity versus despair
In kihlbeeg’s first or preconventional level, the individual’s moral behavior is guided by A. Psychosexual urges B. Consequences C. Periodic fugue states D. Counterconditioning
B. Consequences
- also called premoral- a treat or removal of a favorite tot is more important than societal expectations and the law
Kohlberg’s second level or morality is known as conventional morality. This level is characterized by
A. Psychosexual urges
B. A desire to live up to society’s expectations
C. A desire to conform
D. B and C
D. At the conventional level the individual wishes to conform to the roles in society so that authority and social order can orevail
Kohlberg’s higest level of morality is termed postconcentional moraltiy. Here the individual
A. Must truly contend with paychosexual urges
B. Has the so called “good boy/good girl” orientation
C. Has self-imposed morals and ethics
D. A and B
C. Has self-imposed morals and ethics
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, level 3, which is postconventional or self-accepted moral principles
A. Refers to the naive hedonism stage
B. Operates on the premise that rewards guide morals
C. A and B
D. Is the highest level of morality. However, some people never reach this level
D is the highest level of morality
The zone of proximal development A. Was pioneered by Lev Lygotsy B. Was pioneered by Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg C. Emphasized prgan inferiority D. A, B, and C
A. Was pioneered by Lev Lygotsy
- deacribes the difference between the child’s performance witbout a teacher versus that which he or she is capable of with an instructor
Freud and Erikson
A. Could be classified as behaviorists
B. Could be classified as maturationists
C. Agreed that development stages are psychosexual
D. Were prime movers in the dialectical behavior therapy or DBT movement
B. Could be classified as maturationist
- maturation theory suggests that behavior is guided exclusively via hereditary factors, but that certain behaviora will not manifest themselves until the necessary stimuli are present in the environment
John Bowlby,the British psychoatrist, is most closely associated with
A. The work of paychologist and pediatrician, Arnold Gesell, the maturationist
B. Developmental stage theories
C. Bonding and attachment
D. The unconscious mind
C. Bounding and attachment
In which Erikson stage does the miife crisis occur?
A. Generativity versus stagnation
B. Integrity versus despair
C. A and B
D. Erikson’s stages do not address midlife issues
A. Generativity versus stagnation we
The researcher who is well known for his work with mayernal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkey is A. Harry Harlow B. John Bowlby C. Lawrence Kohlberg D. All of the above
A. Harry Harlow
- believed that attachment was an innate tendency and not one which is learned
- monkeys placed in isolation developed autistic abnormal behavior
The statement “Males are bwtter than females when performing mathematical calculations” is
A. False
B. True due to genertics
C. True only in middle aged men
D. True according to reareach by Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
D. Maccoby and Jacklin found very few differences thay could be attributed to genetics and biological factors
The Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another person is
A. Actually the major theme in all of Erikson’s wight atages
B. Generativity versus stagnation- ages 35-60 years
C. Intimacy versus isolation- ages 23- 34 years
D. A critical factos which Erikson fails to mention
C. Intimacy versus isolation
We often refer to individuals as conformists. Which of these insividuals would most likely conform to his or her peers?
A. A 19 year old male college student
B. A 23 year old male drummer in a rock band
C. A 57 year old female stockbroker
D. A 13 year old male middle school student
D. 13 year old as conformity seems to peak in the early teens
In Harry Harlow’s experiments with baby monkeys
A. A wire surrogate was favored by most young monkeys over a terry cloth version
B. The baby money was more likely to cling to a terry cloth surrogate mother than a wire surrogate mother
C. Female monkeys had a tendency to drink large quantities of alcohol
D. Male monkeys had a tendency to drink large quantities of alcohol
B. The baby moneys where more likely to cling to the terry cloth surrogate mother
Freud postulated the psychosexual stages
A. Id, ego, and super ego
B. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
C. Eros, thanatos, regression, and super ego
D. Manifest, latent, oral, and phallic
B. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
In adolescence
A. Females comit suicide more than makes
B. Suicide is a concern but statistically is very rare
C. The terns who talk about suicide are not serious
D. Males commit suicide more often than females, but females atempt suicide more often
D males commit suicide more often than females, but females atempt suicide more often
In the general US population
A. The suicide rate is 2/100,000
B. Suicide occurs at the beginning of a depressive episode, but rarely after the depression lifts
C. Suicide rates tend to increase with age
D. Suicide occurs at the befinning of a depressive episode, but rarely afyer the depression lifts, and auicide rates tend to increase with age
C. Suicide rates tend to increase with age
The fear of death
A. Is greatest during middle age
B. Is an almost exclusively male phenomenom
C. Is the number one psychiatric problem in the geeiatric population
D. Suprisingly enough occurs in the teen years
A. Is greatest during middle age
In Freudian theory, attachment is a major factor
A. In the preconscious mind
B. In the mind of the child in latency
C. Which evolves primarliy during the oral stage
D. A and B
C. Which evolves primarily during the oral stage
When comparing girls to boys, it could be noted that, in general
A. Girls grow up to smile more
B. Girls are using more feeling words bu age two
C. Girls are better able to read people without verbal cues at any age
D. All of the above
D.
The Freudian developmental stage which “least” emphasizes sexuality is A. Oral B. Anal C. Phallic D. Latency
D. Latency
- refers to the hidden meaning of dreams.
- sexual interests ate replaced bu cosial interests eg sports, learning, and hobbies
In terms of parenting young children A. Boys are punished more than girls B. Girls are punished more than boys C. Bous and girls are treated in similar fashion D. Boys show more enpathy toward others
A. Boys are punished more than girls
Stanley Coopersmith found thay child rearinf methods seem to have a tremendous inpact of self esteem
When developmental theroirta speak of nature or nurture they really mean
A. How much heredity or environment interact to i fluence development
B. That the focus is skewed in favor of biological attributes
C. A and B
D. A theory proposed by B.F. Skinner’s colleagues
A. How much heredity or environmental interact to influence development
