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Health Studies > Jaffe Quiz 12 > Flashcards

Jaffe Quiz 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the superior wall of the eye?

A

Frontal and sphenoid

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2
Q

What are the bones of the inferior wall of the eye?

A

Zygomatic, maxilla and palatine

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3
Q

What are the bones of the medial wall of the eye?

A

Frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal and ethmoid

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4
Q

What are the bones of the lateral wall of the eye?

A

Zygomatic and sphenoid

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5
Q

____separate greater and lesser wings

A

Superior orbital fissure

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6
Q

____seperates sphenoid and maxilla

A

Inferior orbital fissure

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7
Q

-compromises of lacrimal bone crest and frontal process of maxilla
-continue inferiorly with nasolacrimal canal—> opens into nasal cavity

A

Lacrimal fossa

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8
Q

Floor and medial wall of orbit have comparatively thin walls separating the orbital cavity from the sinuses that occupy ____ and ____ bones

A

Maxilla and ethmoid

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9
Q

____gland is the size of almond
-lies under cover of superolateral margin of bony orbit
-has numerous fine excretory ducts that open into space between palpebral and bulbar conjuctiva

A

Lacrimal gland

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10
Q

What nerve makes you cry?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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11
Q

What muscles move the eyeball?

A

Medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior oblique, superior rectus, superior oblique and inferior rectus

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12
Q

_____move cornea medically (adduction)
-what nerve innervates this muscle?

A

Medial rectus
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

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13
Q

___move the cornea laterally (abduction)
-what nerve moves this muscle?

A

Lateral rectus and abducens(VI)

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14
Q

____turns cornea upward and laterally, only functions when the eyeball is already adducted to move the cornea upwards
-what nerve innervates this muscle?

A

Inferior oblique and oculomotor nerve (III)

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15
Q

____turns cornea upward and medially, only function when eyeball is already abducted to move cornea upwards
-what nerve innervates this muscle?

A

Superior rectus and oculomotor nerve (III)

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16
Q

____turns cornea downwards and laterally, only functions when eyeball is already adducted to move cornea downwards
-what innervates this muscle?

A

Superior oblique and trochlear nerve (IV)

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17
Q

___turns cornea downwards and medially, only functions when eyeball is already abducted to move cornea downwards
-what innervates this muscle?

A

Inferior rectus and oculomotor nerve (III)

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18
Q

What are the layers of the eyeball?

A

Corneoscleral tunic, Uveal tunic and retinal tunic

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19
Q

What consists of the corneoscleral tunic?

A

Sclera and cornea

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20
Q

____opaque white around most of the eyeball

A

Sclera

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21
Q

___opaque white becoming transparent anteriorly

A

Cornea

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22
Q

What consists in the uveal tunic?

A

Choroid, stroma of ciliary body and stroma of iris

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23
Q

What consists of the innermost layer of the eye the retinal tunic?

A

Pigment epithelium, neural retina, epithelium of ciliary body, epithelium of iris, photoreceptors and center of back of retina

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24
Q

___black and white shades

A

Rods

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25
Q

____colors

A

Cones

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26
Q

Center of back of retina = yellow spot -> macula lutea-> where most of cones are concentrated
-also contains ____ which is a depression in center of macula lutea; contains cones and no rods

A

Fovea centralis

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27
Q

What are the cavities of the internal eye and what seperates them?

A

Divided into 2 parts by iris,
Behind the iris is posterior chamber,
I front of the iris is anterior chamber

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28
Q

What structures can be seen using the ophthalmoscope

A

Retina, optic nerve, vasculature and vitreous humor
(Where optic nerve exits eyeball, retina contains no photoreceptor cells -> optic disc (blind spot)

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29
Q

Histological layers of retina:
-posterior 2/3 of retina= light sensitive area —> ____

A

Pars optica

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30
Q

Histological layers of retina
-anterior 1/3 of retina= light insensitive area —> _____and ____

A

Pars ciliaris and pars iridis

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31
Q

Olfactory nerve (I)
-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Sensory and sympathetic

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32
Q

Optic nerve II

-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Sensory and sympathetic

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33
Q

Oculomotor nerve III

-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Motor and parasympathetic

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34
Q

Trochlear Nerve IV
-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Motor and sympathetic

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35
Q

Trigeminal nerve V

-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Both and sympathetic

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36
Q

Abducens nerve VI

-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Motor and sympathetic

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37
Q

Facial nerve VII

-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Both and parasympathetic

38
Q

Vestibulcochlear nerve VIII

-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Sensory and sympathetic

39
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve IX

-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Both and parasympathetic

40
Q

Vagus nerve X

-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Both and parasympathetic

41
Q

Accessory nerve XI
-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Motor and sympathetic

42
Q

Hypogloassal nerve XII
-is it sensory or motor?
-is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Motor and sympathetic

43
Q

____ provides for collateral circulation becomes important if one of the channels becomes occluded
-arterial anastamoses

A

Circle of willis

44
Q

____arteries permit blood flow from one side to reach the other and blood from the vertebral network to reach the carotid network

A

Anterior and posterior communicating arteries

45
Q

____
-anastomoses with posterior cerebral artery
-connects internal carotid system to vertebral/basilar system

A

Posterior communicating artery

46
Q

___supplies portions of choroid plexus

A

Anterior choroidal artery

47
Q

___connected by anterior communicating artery and serves midline frontal and parietal lobes

A

Anterior cerebral artery

48
Q

_____not considered part of the circle of Willis
-40% of strokes happen due to blockage here because it’s end artery

A

Middle cerebral artery

49
Q

I’m what part of the mediastinum is the heart located?

A

Inferior compartment MIDDLE contains pericardium, heart and roots of great vessels entering/leaving heart

50
Q

Apex is primarily made up of the ___ ventricle
-inferior border -> left __

A
  1. Left ventricle
  2. 5th intercostal space
51
Q

Base of the heart is primarily made up of ____
- located:

A
  1. Left atrium
  2. Left 2nd costal cartilage
52
Q

-the heart is contained within fibrous pericardial sac (pericardium)
-continuous with covering of great vessel roots superiorly and anchored inferiorly to central tendon of ___
-inner surface of sac is covered with parietal serous pericardium while visceral serous pericardial layer covers ___

A
  1. Diaphragm
  2. Hearts surface
53
Q

Name the layers that make up the hearts walls superficial to deep

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium- greatest in diameter
  3. Endocardium -composed of endothelium and purkinje fibers
54
Q

Name the chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle

55
Q

____fossa Ovalis is here

A

Right atrium

56
Q

___
-trabeculae carne muscle and set of Papillary muscles correspond to each value cusp
-two adjacent cusps are tethered to one papillary muscles by string like structures called chordae tendinae

A

Left atrium

57
Q

____ valve can be heard at 5th and 6th intercostal space near left sternal border
-lies behind half of sternum at level of ___

A

Tricuspid valve
2. 4th intercostal space

58
Q

___valve can be heard at 2nd intercostal space at left sternal border
-lies behind the medial end of the ___

A
  1. Pulmonary valve
  2. Left 3rd costal cartilage
59
Q

____can be heard at 5th intercostal space in left midclavicular line
-lies behind medial end of left ___

A
  1. Bicuspid mitral valve
  2. Left 4 costal cartilage
60
Q

____can be heard at 2nd intercostal space at right sternal border
-lies behind the left half of the sternum at the level of ____

A
  1. Aortic valve
  2. 3rd intercostal space
61
Q

___closure of tricuspid and bicuspid valve at start of ventricular systole contraction (S1)

A

Lub sound

62
Q

____closure of pulmonary and aortic valves at end of ventricular systole (S2)

A

Dub sound

63
Q

Trace the blood flow into, through and out of the heart

A

SVC/IVC, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, right/left pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, ascending aorta, aorta, aortic branches

64
Q

Coronary arteries arise from aortic sinuses in the ___
-as oxygenated blood is expelled from left ventricle to aorta —> small portion of blood is distributed to structures of heart via coronary arteries

A

Ascending aorta

65
Q

____begins at right aortic sinus and travels to right coronary sulcus to posterior surface of heart
-major branches: SA nodal, right marginal, AV nodal and posterior IV arteries

A

Right coronary

66
Q

___begins at left aortic sinus and travels to between pulmonary trunk and left auricle
-then bifurcated into cicumflex artery which travels to posterior surface of heart and anterior IV artery and then gives rise to left marginal branch

A

Left coronary

67
Q

____posterior and anterior IV arteries anastomose

A

At apex of heart

68
Q

Great, middle and small cardiac veins run with anterior IV, posterior IV and right marginal arteries
-these veins drain into coronary sinus which returns blood to ___

A

Right atrium

69
Q

Identify the fetal heart bypass structures and what they become once you are born.
-fetus:
-adult:
-function: Carrie’s oxygenated blood from placenta to the fetus

A
  1. Left umbilical vein
  2. Ligamentum teres
70
Q

Identify the fetal heart bypass structures and what they become once you are born.
-fetus:
-adult:
-function: allows maternal blood to bypass fetal liver

A
  1. Ductus venosus
  2. Ligamentum venosum
71
Q

Identify the fetal heart bypass structures and what they become once you are born.
-fetus:
-adult:
-function: allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs

A
  1. Foramen ovale
  2. Fossa ovale
72
Q

Identify the fetal heart bypass structures and what they become once you are born.
-fetus:
-adult:
-function: carry fetal blood to placenta to pick up more oxygen

A
  1. Right and left umbilical arteries
  2. Medial umbilical ligaments
73
Q

Identify the fetal heart bypass structures and what they become once you are born.
-fetus:
-adult:
-function: connects inferior surface of arch to superior surface of pulmonary trunk, closely associated with left recurrent branch of vagus nerve, allows maternal blood to bypass the lungs

A
  1. Ductus arteriosus
  2. Ligamentum arteriosum
74
Q

where are the kidneys located in relationship to the peritoneum?

A

-retroperitoneal
-located against posterior abdominal wall bilaterally

75
Q

where are both kidneys positioned in relationship to bony landmarks?

A

-T12-L3 vertebral levels
-right kidney=more inferior than left due to liver

76
Q

what structures hold the kidney to the back body wall?

A

deep renal fascia

77
Q

what are the regions of the kidney?

A

outer cortex, inner medulla and collecting system

78
Q

-lighter cortex
-contains numerous tubes and capillaries and renal corpuscles
-between adjacent renal pyramids= renal column
-renal pyramid + renal cortex= renal lobe, nephrons contained in lobe

A

outer cortex

79
Q

-darker medulla
-renal pyramids and columns alternate within the kidney, apex of each pyramid= renal papilla
-composed of 12 pyramids, pyramid= cone shaped structure that contains urine collecting ducts

A

inner medulla

80
Q

-including collecting ducts, minor and major calyces and renal pelvis
-urine drains from renal pyramids into minor calyces

A

collecting system

81
Q

_____functional unit of kidney
-part of each nephron lies within renal medulla and part lies within adjacent renal cortex
-most of nephron= located within renal cortex above renal pyramid
-has tubular and vascular component

A

nephron

82
Q

____surrounda renal glomerulus and is double layers
-podocytes

A

glomerular (bowmans) capsule

83
Q

____capillaries within renal glomerulus are continuous, fenestrated capillaries without diaphragms
-intraglomerular mesangium

A

glomerulus

84
Q

____
-descending thin limb
-ascending thin limb
-distal straight tubule contains macula densa

A

loop of henle

85
Q

what is the vascular component of the nephron?

A

2 capillary beds:
1. glomerulus: afferent and efferent arterioles
2. peritubular capillary: around renal tubule, small vessels lead from peritubular capillary to renal vein

86
Q

what are the components of the nephron?

A

bowmans capsule, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, proximal straight tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

87
Q

what are the components of the filtration membrane?

A

glomerular capillary endothelium, glomerular basement membrane and slit diaphragms

88
Q

___continuous fenestrated endothelium

A

glomerular capillary endothelium

89
Q
  1. ____podocytes
  2. ____found between neighboring podocytes and podocytes have pedicels
A
  1. glomerular basement membrane
  2. slit diaphragms
90
Q

____specialized structure located where DST of nephron contacts the glomerulus (where afferent meets efferent)
-regulates arterial BP through RAAS

A

JG complex

91
Q

_____
-lines DST
-monitors changes in sodium levels in DST fluid and stimulates release of renin from JG cells

A

macula densa

92
Q

____
-located in tunica media of afferent arteriole and early portion of efferent arteriole
-secretes renin, monitors changes in Bp and is innervated by postganglioninc sympathetic nerves

A

JG cell

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