Jadhav Lectures Flashcards by Cody Nelson

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: Mydriasis(retina examination), treats organophosphate poisoning

Atropine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glaucoma Treatment: acts mostly on B2, decrease in aqueous humour (reducing secretion and blood flow)

timolol, levobunolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glaucoma Treatment: HF produced, enzyme can’t be dephosphorylated, decreases cilliary muscle contraction;

isoflurophate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Mixed Acting:

Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parasympathomimetic: Amino group, and additional Methyl group.

Bethanechol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: Beta Blockers (only B)

Metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol, Betaxolol, Propanolol, Timolol, Pindolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Irreversibles

isofluorophate, soman, praloidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 (asoximechloride)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : treats Parkinsons disease

Pargyline, Entacapone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: a1,a2,B1, Vasoconstriction + Veinoconstriction (reflex bradycardia decrease HR)

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B1,B2; treats hypertension , angina, cardiac arrythmias, migraine, Pheochromocytoma, AMI, NO in Asthma!

Propanolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: M1 blocker, treats pepic ulcers* , ibs, reduced GI acid secretion, reduced urinary contraction

Pirenzepine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glaucoma Treatment: Beta Blockers (non-selective)

timolol, levobunolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a1,B1, B2 ; antioxidant; treats hypertension;

Carvedilol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : B1,B2; most potent sympathomimetic amine, increase HR, decrease TPR

Isoproterenol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: a1 selective ; vasoconstriction + Veinoconstriction

phenylephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glaucoma Treatment: treats myasthenia Gravis, increase cilliary muscle contraction & outflow

physostigmine, echothiophate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1,a2 ; nasal decongestion; ocular drops for hyperemia

Oxymetazoline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glaucoma Treatment: Cholinesterase Inhibitors

isoflurophate, physostigmine, echothiophate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : nucleophilic , treats organophosphate poisoning & reactivates the enzyme before aging

praloidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 (Asoximechloride)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: used to reduce BP

a-B blockers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diuretics: K+ sparing Diuretics:

Cortical Collecting Tubule: Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

VMAT inhibitor

Reserpine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a2 blocker

yohimbine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diuretics: Thiazide Diuretics

Distal Convoluted Tubule: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), Chlorthalidone, Indapamide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parasympathomimetic: addition of Methyl group; diagnoses Asthma

Methacholine

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: Reduce HR and CO

Beta Blockers

Diuretics: CA inhibiting, inhibits NHE3, Excretion of alkaline urine Treatment for acute mountain sickness ; Edema with severe metabolic alkalosis

Acetazolamide, Methazolamide

Diuretics: Loop Diuretics

Thick Ascending Loop of Henle: Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic Acid

Parasympathomimetic: amino group instead of terminal methyl group; side effects in CNS/Ganglia problems

Carbachol

Neuromuscular Blockers: Toxicity can be treated with AchE inhibitors; causes Ganglionic Blockade, Vagal Response Block, Histamine release

d-tubocurarine

Diuretics: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Acetazolamide, Methazolamide

Parasympathomimetic: acts on M3 receptor; longer duration of action with less side effects than Pilocarpine

Cevimeline

Glaucoma Treatment: Muscarinic Agonists

Pilocarpine

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System :B1, treats cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, nausia, NO to patients with atrial fibrillation

Dobutamine

Diuretics: can cause dehydration

mannitol

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: Subcategory used for Hypertensive crisis/ surgury

Ganglionic Blocker SNP

Cholinesterases: located in ganglia

Acetycholinesterase

Parasympathomimetic: Treats Glaucoma

Pilocarpine

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1,a2,B1; Hypotension and shock treatment (systolic and diastolic BP increase) can cause blanching and sloughing of skin around injection

Norepinephrine

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Oximes

praloidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 (Asoximechloride)

Diuretics: V2 antagonist, competitive, Treats SIADH, Congestive Heart Failure; can cause demyelination if hyponatremia is corrected too quickly (sever hypernatremia)

Conivaptan\*, Lixivaptan, Tolvaptan

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a1, a2 blocker; treat hypertensive episodes caused by \*Pheochromocytoma; hypertension

Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine

Diuretics: aldosterone antagonist, Competitive, combo with hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide, treats K+ wasting in patients (hyperkalemia), Acidosis, used in hypertension, can cause gynecomastia and menstrual irregularities

Spironolactone

Parasympathomimetic: less resistant to Hydrolysis by AChE

Muscarine, Nicotine

Diuretics: causes metabolic acidosis; hypokalemia; Hypersensitivity Reaction (allergy), increased excretion of NAHCO3 & K+; retention of H+

Acetazolamide, Methazolamide

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: epoxide (penetrates BBB) , motion sickness (transdermal patch)

Scopalamine

Diuretics: blocks Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter system (icnreases excretion of Na, K, H, Ca) ; Treats Pulmonary Edema: Combo with Spironolactone; can cause ototoxicity

Furosemide(lasix)

Parasympathomimetic: Increase GI motility, Urinary retention, treats Xerostomia/Sjogren's syndrom (less sweating

Bethanechol

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1,a2,B1,B2; vasoconstriction, prolongs local anesthetic action, can cause Cardiac Arrhythmias (digitalis patients)

Epinephrine

Glaucoma Treatment: PGF2a Analogues

Latanoprost, Travoprost

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : enzyme can't be dephosphorylated (nerve gas)

soman

Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibitor

Metyrosin

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : phosphorylates serine, makes HF; enzyme can't be dephosphorylated, treats Glaucoma

isoflurophate

Neuromuscular Blockers: Toxicity can be treated with BcHE, causes malignant hyperthermia (NM+ anesthetic) ; can cause skeletal dmg

succinycholine

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Non-selective Adrenergic Agonists:

Oxymetazoline, Isoproterenol, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine

Diuretics: Combo with ACE-I or B-Blocker , increased excretion of Na, Cl, K, H; Ca2+ Reabsorption

Thiazide Diuretics

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : MAO/COMT inhibitors

Pargyline, Entacapone

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Non-covalently binds (10 mins) used for Diagnosis, rapid renal clearance

Edrophonium

Diuretics: blocks Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter system (icnreases excretion of Na, K, H, Ca) ;

Furosemide, Bumetanide, Toresmide,Ethacrynic Acid

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a1, Treat Urinary obstruction by Benign Prostatic Hyperplacia (BPH); Hypertension

Tamsulosin, Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a2 , decrease sympathetic outflow , hypertension treatment; causes lethargy; sedation

clonidine

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a1,B1,B2; Hypertension treatment

Labetalol

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: Alpha Blockers

Prazosin, Tamsulosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Yohimbine, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist:treats Asthma and COPD (Bronchodilation)

Ipratropium, Tiotropium

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: 3 groups

Alpha Blockers, Beta Blockers, a-B blockers

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Releasing agents

Amphetamine, Tyramine

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : group that effects neurotransmitter storage, synthesis, release, and metabolism

Indirect acting Adrenergic Agonists

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : NE uptake blocker, local anesthesia

Cocaine

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists:

Atropine, Scopalamine, Pirenzepine, Glycopyrolate, Ipratropium, Tiotropium, Trihexyphenidyl, Benztropine, Biperiden, Ganglionic Blockers

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a-B blockers

Carvedilol, Lebetalol

Glaucoma Treatment: 1st line treatment,

Pilocarpine

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : B2, premature labor - vasodilation of uterus

Ritodrine

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: D1,D2; targets kidneys too

Dopamine

Diuretics: blocks Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter system (icnreases excretion of Na, K, H, Ca) ; Phenoxyacetic Acid derivative; can cause ototoxicity

Ethacrynic Acid

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : D1,B1,a1; increase kidney blood flow (D1) increase excretion, can cause nausea, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias

Dopamine

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B2, no clinical use

Betaxolol

Diuretics: Na+/Cl- Cotransporter inhibition, causes hypokalemia, Alkalosis, Hyperuricemia\*, hyperlipidema, impaired glucose tolerance, \*first line Treatment for hypertension

Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, indapamide

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Organophosphates

isoflurophate, soman (nerve gas)

Parasympathomimetic: decrease intraocular pressure, Treats Xerostomia/Sjogren's syndrome ; dry mouth side effect

Pilocarpine

Diuretics: Osmotic Diuretics

Thin Descending Loop of Henle: Mannitol

Glaucoma Treatment: Carbonic Anyhydrase Inhibitors

dorzolamide, brinzolamide

Diuretics: Exchange inhibitor, Na Channel inhibitors (exchange with K+ and H+) used to treat K+ wasting in patients (hyperkalemia) , Acidosis, hypertension

Triamterene, Amiloride

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: Preanesthetic agent

Glycopyrolate

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1, NE releasing , nasal decongestion

Ephedrine, pseudoephdrine

Cholinesterases: located in plasma and liver, metabolizes anesthetics & succinylcholine

Butyrylcholinesterase

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Non-covalently binds can cross the BBB, higher affinities and partition into lipids, longer duration of action, Treats Alzheimer's disease

Tacrine, Donepezil

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Covalently bound (hours to break) reversible, carbamoylated enzymes, treats Myasthenia Gravis

neostigmine

Neuromuscular Blockers: depolarizing agent , N1 stimulation, blocks chest and abdominal muscle with transient apnea (short duration)

succinylcholine

Glaucoma Treatment: a2-agonists

alpraclonidine, brimonidine

Glaucoma Treatment: inhibits carbonic anyhydrase III forming the cilliary body epithelium, \*reduce bicarbonate ions, reduce fluid transport and intraocular pressure\* ; few Adverse effects

dorzolamide, Brinzolamide

Diuretics Classes 6

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Osmotic Diuretics, Loop Diuretics, Distal convoluted tubule, Thiazide Diuretics, Aldosterone Antagonists, Antidiuretic Hormone Antagonists

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: a1,a2,B1,B2; Increase HR; decrease TPR (slightly)

epinephrine

Cholinesterases:

Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterse

Glaucoma Treatment: NEVER USE

Atropine

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Carbamate Inhibitors

neostigmine, physostigmine, Pyridostigmine

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: a1 selective; Vasoconstriction

Methoxamine

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: most potent sympathomimetic amine (increase HR; decrease BP; Decrease TPR

isoprotenerol

NET inhibitor

Cocaine, Tricyclic antidepressant

Parasympathomimetic Drugs/Muscarinic receptor agonists

Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Carbachol, Methacholine, Muscarine, Nicotine, Pilocarpine, Cevimeline

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: relax smooth muscle and Decrease TPR

Alpha blockers

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : NE release, treats Narcolepsy, ADD

Amphetamine

Diuretics: blocks Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter system (icnreases excretion of Na, K, H, Ca) ; can cause ototoxicity

Furosemide, Ethacrynic Acid

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1 , nasal decongestion and ocular drop for mydriasis

Phenylephrine

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Uptake Inhibitor

Cocaine

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Responsible for Poisoning; treated by Atropine + oximes; contraindicated with serine hydrolases (tryspin & chemotrypsin)

Organophosphates

Parasympathomimetic: Treats Xerostomia

Pilocarpine, Bethanechol (no dry mouth)

Diuretics: decrease natriuresis, treats cerebral edema- Decrease ICP; Acute Renal failure treatment - maintain high urine flow

Mannitol

Neuromuscular Blockers:

d-tubocurarine, succinylcholine

Glaucoma Treatment: fewer side effects than normal and have long duration

Latanoprost, Travoprost

Glaucoma Treatment: 6 categories

PGF2a Analogues, Beta Blockers , a2-agonists, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Muscarinic Agonists, Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Neuromuscular Blockers: competitive, blocks N-receptors, paralyzes small rapid acting muscles first, long duration

d-tubocurarine

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : B2, Long acting, for asthma

Albuterol, Salmeterol

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Reversibles

Edrophonium, Tacrine, Donepezil, neostigmine, physostigmine, pyridostigmine

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : prophylactic against nerve gas

Pyridostigmine

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists:

Phenylephrine, Methoxamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Isoproterenol, Dopamine

Diuretics: Antidiuretic Hormone Antagonists:

Medullary Collecting Tubule: Conivaptan\*, Lixivaptan, Tolvaptan

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : NE release

Tyramine, Amphetamine (ADD Narcolepsy)

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Covalently bound (hours to break) reversible, carbamoylated enzymes, treats Myasthenia Gravis, Glaucoma

physostigmine

Diuretics: Drugs used on Proximal convoluted Tubule

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B1,B2 partial agonist (hypertension treatment)

Pindolol

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B1,B2; treats hypertension , angina, cardiac arrythmias, migraine, Pheochromocytoma, AMI, initially for glaucoma

timolol

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: Helps in Treatment of Parkinsons' disease (along with Levodopa )

Trihexyphenidyl\* , Benztropine\*, Biperiden

Glaucoma Treatment:does not cross BBB, reduce aqueous humor (reduce NE release reduce cAMP); increase outflow

alpraclonidine, brimonidine

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B1, Hypertension, Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), angina

Metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Selective Adrenergic Agonists

Phenylephrine, Clonidine, Dobutamine, Terbutaline, Albuterol, Salmeterol, Ritodrine