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PHPY 304 > Jadhav Lectures > Flashcards

Jadhav Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: Mydriasis(retina examination), treats organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine

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2
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: acts mostly on B2, decrease in aqueous humour (reducing secretion and blood flow)

A

timolol, levobunolol

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2
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: HF produced, enzyme can’t be dephosphorylated, decreases cilliary muscle contraction;

A

isoflurophate

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3
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Mixed Acting:

A

Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine

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4
Q

Parasympathomimetic: Amino group, and additional Methyl group.

A

Bethanechol

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4
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: Beta Blockers (only B)

A

Metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol, Betaxolol, Propanolol, Timolol, Pindolol

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5
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Irreversibles

A

isofluorophate, soman, praloidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 (asoximechloride)

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5
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : treats Parkinsons disease

A

Pargyline, Entacapone

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6
Q

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: a1,a2,B1, Vasoconstriction + Veinoconstriction (reflex bradycardia decrease HR)

A

Norepinephrine

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6
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B1,B2; treats hypertension , angina, cardiac arrythmias, migraine, Pheochromocytoma, AMI, NO in Asthma!

A

Propanolol

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7
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: M1 blocker, treats pepic ulcers* , ibs, reduced GI acid secretion, reduced urinary contraction

A

Pirenzepine

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7
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: Beta Blockers (non-selective)

A

timolol, levobunolol

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7
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a1,B1, B2 ; antioxidant; treats hypertension;

A

Carvedilol

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8
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : B1,B2; most potent sympathomimetic amine, increase HR, decrease TPR

A

Isoproterenol

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9
Q

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: a1 selective ; vasoconstriction + Veinoconstriction

A

phenylephrine

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10
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: treats myasthenia Gravis, increase cilliary muscle contraction & outflow

A

physostigmine, echothiophate

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10
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1,a2 ; nasal decongestion; ocular drops for hyperemia

A

Oxymetazoline

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11
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: Cholinesterase Inhibitors

A

isoflurophate, physostigmine, echothiophate

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12
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : nucleophilic , treats organophosphate poisoning & reactivates the enzyme before aging

A

praloidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 (Asoximechloride)

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13
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: used to reduce BP

A

a-B blockers

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13
Q

Diuretics: K+ sparing Diuretics:

A

Cortical Collecting Tubule: Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride

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14
Q

VMAT inhibitor

A

Reserpine

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14
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a2 blocker

A

yohimbine

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15
Q

Diuretics: Thiazide Diuretics

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), Chlorthalidone, Indapamide

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16
Q

Parasympathomimetic: addition of Methyl group; diagnoses Asthma

A

Methacholine

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17
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: Reduce HR and CO

A

Beta Blockers

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17
Q

Diuretics: CA inhibiting, inhibits NHE3, Excretion of alkaline urine Treatment for acute mountain sickness ; Edema with severe metabolic alkalosis

A

Acetazolamide, Methazolamide

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18
Q

Diuretics: Loop Diuretics

A

Thick Ascending Loop of Henle: Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic Acid

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19
Q

Parasympathomimetic: amino group instead of terminal methyl group; side effects in CNS/Ganglia problems

A

Carbachol

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19
Q

Neuromuscular Blockers: Toxicity can be treated with AchE inhibitors; causes Ganglionic Blockade, Vagal Response Block, Histamine release

A

d-tubocurarine

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19
Q

Diuretics: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide, Methazolamide

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20
Q

Parasympathomimetic: acts on M3 receptor; longer duration of action with less side effects than Pilocarpine

A

Cevimeline

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21
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: Muscarinic Agonists

A

Pilocarpine

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21
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System :B1, treats cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, nausia, NO to patients with atrial fibrillation

A

Dobutamine

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21
Q

Diuretics: can cause dehydration

A

mannitol

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22
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: Subcategory used for Hypertensive crisis/ surgury

A

Ganglionic Blocker SNP

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23
Q

Cholinesterases: located in ganglia

A

Acetycholinesterase

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25
Q

Parasympathomimetic: Treats Glaucoma

A

Pilocarpine

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26
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1,a2,B1; Hypotension and shock treatment (systolic and diastolic BP increase) can cause blanching and sloughing of skin around injection

A

Norepinephrine

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27
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Oximes

A

praloidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 (Asoximechloride)

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28
Q

Diuretics: V2 antagonist, competitive, Treats SIADH, Congestive Heart Failure; can cause demyelination if hyponatremia is corrected too quickly (sever hypernatremia)

A

Conivaptan*, Lixivaptan, Tolvaptan

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29
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a1, a2 blocker; treat hypertensive episodes caused by *Pheochromocytoma; hypertension

A

Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine

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29
Q

Diuretics: aldosterone antagonist, Competitive, combo with hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide, treats K+ wasting in patients (hyperkalemia), Acidosis, used in hypertension, can cause gynecomastia and menstrual irregularities

A

Spironolactone

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30
Q

Parasympathomimetic: less resistant to Hydrolysis by AChE

A

Muscarine, Nicotine

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31
Q

Diuretics: causes metabolic acidosis; hypokalemia; Hypersensitivity Reaction (allergy), increased excretion of NAHCO3 & K+; retention of H+

A

Acetazolamide, Methazolamide

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32
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: epoxide (penetrates BBB) , motion sickness (transdermal patch)

A

Scopalamine

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33
Q

Diuretics: blocks Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter system (icnreases excretion of Na, K, H, Ca) ; Treats Pulmonary Edema: Combo with Spironolactone; can cause ototoxicity

A

Furosemide(lasix)

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35
Q

Parasympathomimetic: Increase GI motility, Urinary retention, treats Xerostomia/Sjogren’s syndrom (less sweating

A

Bethanechol

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35
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1,a2,B1,B2; vasoconstriction, prolongs local anesthetic action, can cause Cardiac Arrhythmias (digitalis patients)

A

Epinephrine

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36
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: PGF2a Analogues

A

Latanoprost, Travoprost

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37
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : enzyme can’t be dephosphorylated (nerve gas)

38
Q

Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibitor

40
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : phosphorylates serine, makes HF; enzyme can’t be dephosphorylated, treats Glaucoma

A

isoflurophate

41
Q

Neuromuscular Blockers: Toxicity can be treated with BcHE, causes malignant hyperthermia (NM+ anesthetic) ; can cause skeletal dmg

A

succinycholine

41
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Non-selective Adrenergic Agonists:

A

Oxymetazoline, Isoproterenol, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine

41
Q

Diuretics: Combo with ACE-I or B-Blocker , increased excretion of Na, Cl, K, H; Ca2+ Reabsorption

A

Thiazide Diuretics

42
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : MAO/COMT inhibitors

A

Pargyline, Entacapone

44
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Non-covalently binds (10 mins) used for Diagnosis, rapid renal clearance

A

Edrophonium

45
Q

Diuretics: blocks Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter system (icnreases excretion of Na, K, H, Ca) ;

A

Furosemide, Bumetanide, Toresmide,Ethacrynic Acid

46
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a1, Treat Urinary obstruction by Benign Prostatic Hyperplacia (BPH); Hypertension

A

Tamsulosin, Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin

47
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a2 , decrease sympathetic outflow , hypertension treatment; causes lethargy; sedation

48
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a1,B1,B2; Hypertension treatment

49
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: Alpha Blockers

A

Prazosin, Tamsulosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Yohimbine, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine

51
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist:treats Asthma and COPD (Bronchodilation)

A

Ipratropium, Tiotropium

52
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: 3 groups

A

Alpha Blockers, Beta Blockers, a-B blockers

53
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Releasing agents

A

Amphetamine, Tyramine

54
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : group that effects neurotransmitter storage, synthesis, release, and metabolism

A

Indirect acting Adrenergic Agonists

54
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : NE uptake blocker, local anesthesia

56
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists:

A

Atropine, Scopalamine, Pirenzepine, Glycopyrolate, Ipratropium, Tiotropium, Trihexyphenidyl, Benztropine, Biperiden, Ganglionic Blockers

57
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a-B blockers

A

Carvedilol, Lebetalol

59
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: 1st line treatment,

A

Pilocarpine

59
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : B2, premature labor - vasodilation of uterus

61
Q

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: D1,D2; targets kidneys too

62
Q

Diuretics: blocks Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter system (icnreases excretion of Na, K, H, Ca) ; Phenoxyacetic Acid derivative; can cause ototoxicity

A

Ethacrynic Acid

63
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : D1,B1,a1; increase kidney blood flow (D1) increase excretion, can cause nausea, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias

64
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B2, no clinical use

64
Q

Diuretics: Na+/Cl- Cotransporter inhibition, causes hypokalemia, Alkalosis, Hyperuricemia*, hyperlipidema, impaired glucose tolerance, *first line Treatment for hypertension

A

Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, indapamide

66
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Organophosphates

A

isoflurophate, soman (nerve gas)

68
Q

Parasympathomimetic: decrease intraocular pressure, Treats Xerostomia/Sjogren’s syndrome ; dry mouth side effect

A

Pilocarpine

69
Q

Diuretics: Osmotic Diuretics

A

Thin Descending Loop of Henle: Mannitol

71
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: Carbonic Anyhydrase Inhibitors

A

dorzolamide, brinzolamide

72
Q

Diuretics: Exchange inhibitor, Na Channel inhibitors (exchange with K+ and H+) used to treat K+ wasting in patients (hyperkalemia) , Acidosis, hypertension

A

Triamterene, Amiloride

74
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: Preanesthetic agent

A

Glycopyrolate

75
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1, NE releasing , nasal decongestion

A

Ephedrine, pseudoephdrine

76
Q

Cholinesterases: located in plasma and liver, metabolizes anesthetics & succinylcholine

A

Butyrylcholinesterase

77
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Non-covalently binds can cross the BBB, higher affinities and partition into lipids, longer duration of action, Treats Alzheimer’s disease

A

Tacrine, Donepezil

78
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Covalently bound (hours to break) reversible, carbamoylated enzymes, treats Myasthenia Gravis

A

neostigmine

80
Q

Neuromuscular Blockers: depolarizing agent , N1 stimulation, blocks chest and abdominal muscle with transient apnea (short duration)

A

succinylcholine

82
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: a2-agonists

A

alpraclonidine, brimonidine

83
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: inhibits carbonic anyhydrase III forming the cilliary body epithelium, *reduce bicarbonate ions, reduce fluid transport and intraocular pressure* ; few Adverse effects

A

dorzolamide, Brinzolamide

84
Q

Diuretics Classes 6

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Osmotic Diuretics, Loop Diuretics, Distal convoluted tubule, Thiazide Diuretics, Aldosterone Antagonists, Antidiuretic Hormone Antagonists

86
Q

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: a1,a2,B1,B2; Increase HR; decrease TPR (slightly)

A

epinephrine

88
Q

Cholinesterases:

A

Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterse

89
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: NEVER USE

90
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Carbamate Inhibitors

A

neostigmine, physostigmine, Pyridostigmine

91
Q

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: a1 selective; Vasoconstriction

A

Methoxamine

91
Q

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: most potent sympathomimetic amine (increase HR; decrease BP; Decrease TPR

A

isoprotenerol

92
Q

NET inhibitor

A

Cocaine, Tricyclic antidepressant

93
Q

Parasympathomimetic Drugs/Muscarinic receptor agonists

A

Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Carbachol, Methacholine, Muscarine, Nicotine, Pilocarpine, Cevimeline

95
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: relax smooth muscle and Decrease TPR

A

Alpha blockers

97
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : NE release, treats Narcolepsy, ADD

A

Amphetamine

98
Q

Diuretics: blocks Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter system (icnreases excretion of Na, K, H, Ca) ; can cause ototoxicity

A

Furosemide, Ethacrynic Acid

100
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1 , nasal decongestion and ocular drop for mydriasis

A

Phenylephrine

101
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Uptake Inhibitor

102
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Responsible for Poisoning; treated by Atropine + oximes; contraindicated with serine hydrolases (tryspin & chemotrypsin)

A

Organophosphates

103
Q

Parasympathomimetic: Treats Xerostomia

A

Pilocarpine, Bethanechol (no dry mouth)

104
Q

Diuretics: decrease natriuresis, treats cerebral edema- Decrease ICP; Acute Renal failure treatment - maintain high urine flow

106
Q

Neuromuscular Blockers:

A

d-tubocurarine, succinylcholine

107
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: fewer side effects than normal and have long duration

A

Latanoprost, Travoprost

108
Q

Glaucoma Treatment: 6 categories

A

PGF2a Analogues, Beta Blockers , a2-agonists, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Muscarinic Agonists, Cholinesterase Inhibitors

110
Q

Neuromuscular Blockers: competitive, blocks N-receptors, paralyzes small rapid acting muscles first, long duration

A

d-tubocurarine

111
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : B2, Long acting, for asthma

A

Albuterol, Salmeterol

112
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Reversibles

A

Edrophonium, Tacrine, Donepezil, neostigmine, physostigmine, pyridostigmine

114
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : prophylactic against nerve gas

A

Pyridostigmine

115
Q

Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists:

A

Phenylephrine, Methoxamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Isoproterenol, Dopamine

116
Q

Diuretics: Antidiuretic Hormone Antagonists:

A

Medullary Collecting Tubule: Conivaptan*, Lixivaptan, Tolvaptan

117
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : NE release

A

Tyramine, Amphetamine (ADD Narcolepsy)

118
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Covalently bound (hours to break) reversible, carbamoylated enzymes, treats Myasthenia Gravis, Glaucoma

A

physostigmine

119
Q

Diuretics: Drugs used on Proximal convoluted Tubule

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

120
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B1,B2 partial agonist (hypertension treatment)

121
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B1,B2; treats hypertension , angina, cardiac arrythmias, migraine, Pheochromocytoma, AMI, initially for glaucoma

122
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: Helps in Treatment of Parkinsons’ disease (along with Levodopa )

A

Trihexyphenidyl* , Benztropine*, Biperiden

123
Q

Glaucoma Treatment:does not cross BBB, reduce aqueous humor (reduce NE release reduce cAMP); increase outflow

A

alpraclonidine, brimonidine

124
Q

Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B1, Hypertension, Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), angina

A

Metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol

125
Q

Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Selective Adrenergic Agonists

A

Phenylephrine, Clonidine, Dobutamine, Terbutaline, Albuterol, Salmeterol, Ritodrine

PHPY 304 (6 decks)

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