Jadhav Lectures Flashcards
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: Mydriasis(retina examination), treats organophosphate poisoning
Atropine
Glaucoma Treatment: acts mostly on B2, decrease in aqueous humour (reducing secretion and blood flow)
timolol, levobunolol
Glaucoma Treatment: HF produced, enzyme can’t be dephosphorylated, decreases cilliary muscle contraction;
isoflurophate
Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : Mixed Acting:
Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine
Parasympathomimetic: Amino group, and additional Methyl group.
Bethanechol
Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: Beta Blockers (only B)
Metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol, Betaxolol, Propanolol, Timolol, Pindolol
Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Irreversibles
isofluorophate, soman, praloidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 (asoximechloride)
Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : treats Parkinsons disease
Pargyline, Entacapone
Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: a1,a2,B1, Vasoconstriction + Veinoconstriction (reflex bradycardia decrease HR)
Norepinephrine
Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: B1,B2; treats hypertension , angina, cardiac arrythmias, migraine, Pheochromocytoma, AMI, NO in Asthma!
Propanolol
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: M1 blocker, treats pepic ulcers* , ibs, reduced GI acid secretion, reduced urinary contraction
Pirenzepine
Glaucoma Treatment: Beta Blockers (non-selective)
timolol, levobunolol
Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a1,B1, B2 ; antioxidant; treats hypertension;
Carvedilol
Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : B1,B2; most potent sympathomimetic amine, increase HR, decrease TPR
Isoproterenol
Neuro-Sympathetic Agonists: a1 selective ; vasoconstriction + Veinoconstriction
phenylephrine
Glaucoma Treatment: treats myasthenia Gravis, increase cilliary muscle contraction & outflow
physostigmine, echothiophate
Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1,a2 ; nasal decongestion; ocular drops for hyperemia
Oxymetazoline
Glaucoma Treatment: Cholinesterase Inhibitors
isoflurophate, physostigmine, echothiophate
Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : nucleophilic , treats organophosphate poisoning & reactivates the enzyme before aging
praloidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 (Asoximechloride)
Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: used to reduce BP
a-B blockers
Diuretics: K+ sparing Diuretics:
Cortical Collecting Tubule: Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride
VMAT inhibitor
Reserpine
Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a2 blocker
yohimbine
Diuretics: Thiazide Diuretics
Distal Convoluted Tubule: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), Chlorthalidone, Indapamide
Parasympathomimetic: addition of Methyl group; diagnoses Asthma
Methacholine
Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: Reduce HR and CO
Beta Blockers
Diuretics: CA inhibiting, inhibits NHE3, Excretion of alkaline urine Treatment for acute mountain sickness ; Edema with severe metabolic alkalosis
Acetazolamide, Methazolamide
Diuretics: Loop Diuretics
Thick Ascending Loop of Henle: Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic Acid
Parasympathomimetic: amino group instead of terminal methyl group; side effects in CNS/Ganglia problems
Carbachol
Neuromuscular Blockers: Toxicity can be treated with AchE inhibitors; causes Ganglionic Blockade, Vagal Response Block, Histamine release
d-tubocurarine
Diuretics: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide, Methazolamide
Parasympathomimetic: acts on M3 receptor; longer duration of action with less side effects than Pilocarpine
Cevimeline
Glaucoma Treatment: Muscarinic Agonists
Pilocarpine
Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System :B1, treats cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, nausia, NO to patients with atrial fibrillation
Dobutamine
Diuretics: can cause dehydration
mannitol
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: Subcategory used for Hypertensive crisis/ surgury
Ganglionic Blocker SNP
Cholinesterases: located in ganglia
Acetycholinesterase
Parasympathomimetic: Treats Glaucoma
Pilocarpine
Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1,a2,B1; Hypotension and shock treatment (systolic and diastolic BP increase) can cause blanching and sloughing of skin around injection
Norepinephrine
Cholinesterase Inhibitors/Indirect acting parasympathomimetics : Oximes
praloidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 (Asoximechloride)
Diuretics: V2 antagonist, competitive, Treats SIADH, Congestive Heart Failure; can cause demyelination if hyponatremia is corrected too quickly (sever hypernatremia)
Conivaptan*, Lixivaptan, Tolvaptan
Anti-Adrenergic Drugs: a1, a2 blocker; treat hypertensive episodes caused by *Pheochromocytoma; hypertension
Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine
Diuretics: aldosterone antagonist, Competitive, combo with hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide, treats K+ wasting in patients (hyperkalemia), Acidosis, used in hypertension, can cause gynecomastia and menstrual irregularities
Spironolactone
Parasympathomimetic: less resistant to Hydrolysis by AChE
Muscarine, Nicotine
Diuretics: causes metabolic acidosis; hypokalemia; Hypersensitivity Reaction (allergy), increased excretion of NAHCO3 & K+; retention of H+
Acetazolamide, Methazolamide
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist: epoxide (penetrates BBB) , motion sickness (transdermal patch)
Scopalamine
Diuretics: blocks Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter system (icnreases excretion of Na, K, H, Ca) ; Treats Pulmonary Edema: Combo with Spironolactone; can cause ototoxicity
Furosemide(lasix)
Parasympathomimetic: Increase GI motility, Urinary retention, treats Xerostomia/Sjogren’s syndrom (less sweating
Bethanechol
Drugs Modulating Sympathetic System : a1,a2,B1,B2; vasoconstriction, prolongs local anesthetic action, can cause Cardiac Arrhythmias (digitalis patients)
Epinephrine
Glaucoma Treatment: PGF2a Analogues
Latanoprost, Travoprost