Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Divisions of the nervous system:
The nervous system(NS) is made up of what 2 subsystems?
What systems make up the Autonomic nervous system?
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Sympathetic Nervous System, Parasympathetic Nervous system, Enteric Nervous system (GI tract)
Divisions of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous system is made up of what 2 sub systems?
The central nervous system is made up of what organs?
The somatic nervous system is made up of what two subsystems?
Autonomic nervous system, Somatic nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Sensory and motor
Autonomic nervous system:
_______ - not under conscious control or “involutary”
This nervous system is a branch of which other nervous system?
What organs does the autonomic nervous system innervate?
This system regulates requirements of all ______________.
Autonomous
peripheral NS
visceral organs, blood vessels, exocrine glands and all organs that contains Smooth muscle (except Skeletal muscle fibers)
vital bodily functions
Anatomy of the ANS
Preganglionic Neurons have their cell body located where?
What do they connect to?
located in the CNS (brain and spinal cord)
Ganglia
Anatomy of the ANS
Define Ganglia : and its location
What is the role of the Ganglia in the ANS?
aggregation of nerve cell bodies located in the PNS, located beside organs
relay between pre- and post- ganglionic nerves
Anatomy of the ANS
Postganglionic Neuron cell body is located ?
Where does it terminate?
Whats the Neurotransmitter called?
in ganglion
effector organs smooth muscle
Neuroeffector
ANS:
whats its origin?
Whats it innervate?
Where is the Paravertebral ganglionic chain located and how manya re there?
Brain/spinal cord
effector organs
2x near the spinal cord
ANS:
What are the Prevertebral ganglia?
What cranial nerves are located in the in medulla?
(4)
Celiac(digestive organs), splanchnic (spleen) and mesenteric (superior/inferior @ colon)
III-occulomotor
VII- facial
IX - glossopharyngeal
X - vagus
Difference between SNS and PSNS
Which neverous system contains ganglia on both sides of spinal cord? what it called?
SNS. , preveribral ganglionic chain
SNS:
Whats it’s origin name?
Where are its origins?
Size of preganglionic fiber?
Where are the ganglia located?
Postganglionic fiber size?
Action?
Thoracolumbar
Thoracic (T1-T12), Lumbar (L1-L5) spinal segment
short
paravertibral chains near spinal cord
long
diffused on organs, FIGHT,FRIGHT, & FLIGHT! , multiple organs, max energy production
PSNS
Origin name?
Origin?
Preganglionic length?
Ganglia location?
Post ganglionic fiber length?
Action?
Cranio-sacral
Cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X), Sacral (S2-S4) spinal segment
long
near and within the wall of effector organ
short
localized to certain organs (rest and digest), one particular organ, conserve energy.
Sympathetic outflow
ganglia contains what type of receptor?
What NT?
Effector organ contain what type of receptor?
What NT?
what enzyme is present on the inside of the effector organ?
Nicotinic cholinergic receptor
ACh
Adrenergic receptor
NE
COMT - catechol O methyl transferase
Parasympathetic outflow
Ganglia receptor is called?
NT?
Effector organ receptor is called?
NT?
What enzyme is present on the outside of effector organ?
nicotinic cholinergic receptor
Ach
Muscarinic cholinergic receptor
Ach
AChE
Acetylcholine esterase enzyme
ANS Neurotransmission
Nerve cells communicate via…
what are the primary NT of the ANS?
chemical messengers called neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Norepinephrine (NE)
ANS Neurotransmission
Resight the 4 sequences of neurotransmission:
ACtion potential (ap) arrives at nerve ending
AP triggers Ca2+ influx into nerve ending
Ca2+ influx causes fusion of synatpic vesicles with presynaptic membrane & release of neurotransmitter (NT).
NT diffuses across the synaptic cleft & acts on receptors on the post synpatic membrane.
Sympathetic ANS
At the Preganglionic nerve terminal , What NT is released at the sympathetic ganglia?
The NT acts on what type of receptor on the ganglia?
It releases what NT at the post-ganglionic nerve terminal?
What are the effectors?
ACh
nicotinic cholinergic receptor
NE
acts on adrenergic a or B, dopamine (D1), and muscarinic (m) receptors in effector organs and tissues.
sweat glands kidneys
Parasympathetic ANS
Preganglioic nerve terminal releases what NT at the parasympathetic ganglia?
What receptor does that NT act on?
what NT is released at the post ganglionic nerve terminal?
What are the effectors?
ACh
nicotinic cholinergic receptor
ACh
muscarinic (m) receptors in effector organs and tissues.
NTransmission in the autonomic and somatic nervous systems:
Sweat glands anatomically belong to which nervous system of the ANS?
what is the Post ganglionic neural fiber ? and what neurotransmitter is released?
sympathetic NS
cholinergic and release ACh
**EXCEPTION**
The spleen is only inhibited by which nervous system of the ANS?
The Blood Vessels in the lower extremeties are only inhibited by which NS of the ANS?
Blood Vessels in the heart and neck are only inhibited by which NS of the ANS?
Blood vessels in the trunk are only inhibited by which NS of the ANS?
Sympathetic NS
SNS
SNS
SNS
Somatic NS is involved in what type of action?
what receptor is used?
Any ganglia?
skeletal muscle contraction
Nicotinic cholinergic receptor
No
has neuromuscular junction
Parasympathetic effects
Eyes: (3)
Causes increase or decrease of HCL secretion?
Causes increase or decrease of Motility?
Miosis - see short distance, Accomodation - changes eye lense to see close, lacrimation
increase
increase
define Miosis -
parasympathetic response allowing person to see close
Define Accomodation
symp? or parasymp?
what is the name of the nerve involved with this action?
The changing of shape of the lens in the human eye allowing the person to see up close
parasymp
Cranial nerve III
Define Mydriasis
symp or parasymp?
What nerve?
dialate pupils to see long distances
symp
Cranial Nerve III
Define Vasoconstriction
symp or parasymp?
what inhibits vasoconstrition?
constriction of blood vessels
sympathetic
inhibited by SNS
mimetics are what?
- ergic
- lytic
- ceptor
drug mimics the effect of transmitters substances of SNS/ PSNS eg. sympathomimetics/parasympathomimetics
having to do with adrenaline/epinephrine/choline eg adrenergic or cholinergic
drugs which inhibits the postganglionic functioning of sympathetic/parasympathetic eg. sympatholytic or parasympatholytic
innervations by receptors - adrenoceptor, cholinoceptor
Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, and release
____ - is transported into the cytoplasm and is the rate limiting step in ACh synthesis.
Whats is it’s blocker?
choline.
Hemicholinium
Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, and release
Choline acetyltransferase -
Where is ACh packaged?
catalyzes reaction of Choline + Acetyl Coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA) –> ACh
into synaptic vesicles by VAT (Vesicle associated Transporter
Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, and release
What is the blocker for VAT?
What blocks the release of ACh at synapse?
What does blocking ACh release cause?
Vesamicol
Botulinum toxin
skeletal muscle paralysis
Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, and release
ACh is released at the synapse , how long does it act before it is metabolized ?
What enzyme metabolizes it?
What is reabsorbed after metabolism of ACh?
a few milliseconds
Acetylcholinesterase in synaptic cleft on the outer membrane of hte post-junctional cell (neuron or effector) and butyrylcholinesterase (present in plasma)
not the whole molecule, just the choline. Can be blocked by Hemicholiniums
ACh s not used therapeuitcally or administered parentally… why?
it is hydrolyzed nearly instantly by butyrylcholinesterase.
What is one ofthe fastest known enzymatic reactions?
What are Autoreceptors?
Which nervous system has no drug available to act on prejunctional autoreceptors?
104 molecules of ACh/ second by a single enzyme molecule
Pre-junctional NT: regulate release
PSNS
Sympathetic neurons a2 agonists, which reduce the _________ and reduce sympathetic activity.
release of NE
What bacteria releases Botulinum toxin?
What is it used for?
Clostridium botulinum
paralyze skeletal muscle in cases of excessive involuntary skeletal muscle tone
Clinical uses of BOTOX
- S
- B
- H
- C
- P
Strabismus unaligned lines of vision between eyes
Blepharospasm (contracted eyelids wont open)
Hemifacial spasm - twitch
Cosmetic use - facial wrinkles
Prophylaxis against chronic migraines headache - marginally effective.
(not approved treatment for episodic migraine)
There are 2 types of Cholinergic receptors: what are they?
Nicotinic and Muscarinic
What are the different types of nicotinic cholinergic receptors?
What are the different types of Muscarinic choliergic receptors?
Nn and Nm
M1, M2, M3, M4, M5
What are Nn receptors used for?
What are Nm receptors used for?
What are M1 receptors used for?
What are M2 receptors used for?
ganglia
muscles
CNS - brain and spinal cord
heart
What are M3 receptors used for?
M4 and M5 receptors?
exocrine glands
random things
_______ - distingued based on affinities for agents that mimic action of ACh.
Muscarine receptors are located where?
Cholinoreceptors
Autonomic, effector organs
Nicotinic receptors :
located?
CNS, adrenal medulla, autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
Muscarinic receptors are _________ receptors. (downstream)
Nicotinic receptors are __________.
G-protein coupled receptors
Sodium ion channels
M1 is responsible for ____
its effects cause what?
CNS (gastric)
increase in stomach acid secretion
M2
