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PHPY 304 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of the nervous system:

The nervous system(NS) is made up of what 2 subsystems?

What systems make up the Autonomic nervous system?

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Sympathetic Nervous System, Parasympathetic Nervous system, Enteric Nervous system (GI tract)

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2
Q

Divisions of the nervous system

Peripheral nervous system is made up of what 2 sub systems?

The central nervous system is made up of what organs?

The somatic nervous system is made up of what two subsystems?

A

Autonomic nervous system, Somatic nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

Sensory and motor

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3
Q

Autonomic nervous system:

_______ - not under conscious control or “involutary”

This nervous system is a branch of which other nervous system?

What organs does the autonomic nervous system innervate?

This system regulates requirements of all ______________.

A

Autonomous

peripheral NS

visceral organs, blood vessels, exocrine glands and all organs that contains Smooth muscle (except Skeletal muscle fibers)

vital bodily functions

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4
Q

Anatomy of the ANS

Preganglionic Neurons have their cell body located where?

What do they connect to?

A

located in the CNS (brain and spinal cord)

Ganglia

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5
Q

Anatomy of the ANS

Define Ganglia : and its location

What is the role of the Ganglia in the ANS?

A

aggregation of nerve cell bodies located in the PNS, located beside organs

relay between pre- and post- ganglionic nerves

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6
Q

Anatomy of the ANS

Postganglionic Neuron cell body is located ?

Where does it terminate?

Whats the Neurotransmitter called?

A

in ganglion

effector organs smooth muscle

Neuroeffector

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7
Q

ANS:

whats its origin?

Whats it innervate?

Where is the Paravertebral ganglionic chain located and how manya re there?

A

Brain/spinal cord

effector organs

2x near the spinal cord

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8
Q

ANS:

What are the Prevertebral ganglia?

What cranial nerves are located in the in medulla?

(4)

A

Celiac(digestive organs), splanchnic (spleen) and mesenteric (superior/inferior @ colon)

III-occulomotor

VII- facial

IX - glossopharyngeal

X - vagus

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9
Q

Difference between SNS and PSNS

Which neverous system contains ganglia on both sides of spinal cord? what it called?

A

SNS. , preveribral ganglionic chain

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10
Q

SNS:

Whats it’s origin name?

Where are its origins?

Size of preganglionic fiber?

Where are the ganglia located?

Postganglionic fiber size?

Action?

A

Thoracolumbar

Thoracic (T1-T12), Lumbar (L1-L5) spinal segment

short

paravertibral chains near spinal cord

long

diffused on organs, FIGHT,FRIGHT, & FLIGHT! , multiple organs, max energy production

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11
Q

PSNS

Origin name?

Origin?

Preganglionic length?

Ganglia location?

Post ganglionic fiber length?

Action?

A

Cranio-sacral

Cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X), Sacral (S2-S4) spinal segment

long

near and within the wall of effector organ

short

localized to certain organs (rest and digest), one particular organ, conserve energy.

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12
Q

Sympathetic outflow

ganglia contains what type of receptor?

What NT?

Effector organ contain what type of receptor?

What NT?

what enzyme is present on the inside of the effector organ?

A

Nicotinic cholinergic receptor

ACh

Adrenergic receptor

NE

COMT - catechol O methyl transferase

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13
Q

Parasympathetic outflow

Ganglia receptor is called?

NT?

Effector organ receptor is called?

NT?

What enzyme is present on the outside of effector organ?

A

nicotinic cholinergic receptor

Ach

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor

Ach

AChE

Acetylcholine esterase enzyme

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14
Q

ANS Neurotransmission

Nerve cells communicate via…

what are the primary NT of the ANS?

A

chemical messengers called neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Norepinephrine (NE)

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15
Q

ANS Neurotransmission

Resight the 4 sequences of neurotransmission:

A

ACtion potential (ap) arrives at nerve ending

AP triggers Ca2+ influx into nerve ending

Ca2+ influx causes fusion of synatpic vesicles with presynaptic membrane & release of neurotransmitter (NT).

NT diffuses across the synaptic cleft & acts on receptors on the post synpatic membrane.

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16
Q

Sympathetic ANS

At the Preganglionic nerve terminal , What NT is released at the sympathetic ganglia?

The NT acts on what type of receptor on the ganglia?

It releases what NT at the post-ganglionic nerve terminal?

What are the effectors?

A

ACh

nicotinic cholinergic receptor

NE

acts on adrenergic a or B, dopamine (D1), and muscarinic (m) receptors in effector organs and tissues.

sweat glands kidneys

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17
Q

Parasympathetic ANS

Preganglioic nerve terminal releases what NT at the parasympathetic ganglia?

What receptor does that NT act on?

what NT is released at the post ganglionic nerve terminal?

What are the effectors?

A

ACh

nicotinic cholinergic receptor

ACh

muscarinic (m) receptors in effector organs and tissues.

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18
Q

NTransmission in the autonomic and somatic nervous systems:

Sweat glands anatomically belong to which nervous system of the ANS?

what is the Post ganglionic neural fiber ? and what neurotransmitter is released?

A

sympathetic NS

cholinergic and release ACh

**EXCEPTION**

19
Q

The spleen is only inhibited by which nervous system of the ANS?

The Blood Vessels in the lower extremeties are only inhibited by which NS of the ANS?

Blood Vessels in the heart and neck are only inhibited by which NS of the ANS?

Blood vessels in the trunk are only inhibited by which NS of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic NS

SNS

SNS

SNS

20
Q

Somatic NS is involved in what type of action?

what receptor is used?

Any ganglia?

A

skeletal muscle contraction

Nicotinic cholinergic receptor

No

has neuromuscular junction

21
Q

Parasympathetic effects

Eyes: (3)

Causes increase or decrease of HCL secretion?

Causes increase or decrease of Motility?

A

Miosis - see short distance, Accomodation - changes eye lense to see close, lacrimation

increase

increase

22
Q

define Miosis -

A

parasympathetic response allowing person to see close

23
Q

Define Accomodation

symp? or parasymp?

what is the name of the nerve involved with this action?

A

The changing of shape of the lens in the human eye allowing the person to see up close

parasymp

Cranial nerve III

24
Q

Define Mydriasis

symp or parasymp?

What nerve?

A

dialate pupils to see long distances

symp

Cranial Nerve III

25
Q

Define Vasoconstriction

symp or parasymp?

what inhibits vasoconstrition?

A

constriction of blood vessels

sympathetic

inhibited by SNS

26
Q

mimetics are what?

  • ergic
  • lytic
  • ceptor
A

drug mimics the effect of transmitters substances of SNS/ PSNS eg. sympathomimetics/parasympathomimetics

having to do with adrenaline/epinephrine/choline eg adrenergic or cholinergic

drugs which inhibits the postganglionic functioning of sympathetic/parasympathetic eg. sympatholytic or parasympatholytic

innervations by receptors - adrenoceptor, cholinoceptor

27
Q

Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, and release

____ - is transported into the cytoplasm and is the rate limiting step in ACh synthesis.

Whats is it’s blocker?

A

choline.

Hemicholinium

28
Q

Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, and release

Choline acetyltransferase -

Where is ACh packaged?

A

catalyzes reaction of Choline + Acetyl Coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA) –> ACh

into synaptic vesicles by VAT (Vesicle associated Transporter

29
Q

Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, and release

What is the blocker for VAT?

What blocks the release of ACh at synapse?

What does blocking ACh release cause?

A

Vesamicol

Botulinum toxin

skeletal muscle paralysis

30
Q

Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, and release

ACh is released at the synapse , how long does it act before it is metabolized ?

What enzyme metabolizes it?

What is reabsorbed after metabolism of ACh?

A

a few milliseconds

Acetylcholinesterase in synaptic cleft on the outer membrane of hte post-junctional cell (neuron or effector) and butyrylcholinesterase (present in plasma)

not the whole molecule, just the choline. Can be blocked by Hemicholiniums

31
Q

ACh s not used therapeuitcally or administered parentally… why?

A

it is hydrolyzed nearly instantly by butyrylcholinesterase.

32
Q

What is one ofthe fastest known enzymatic reactions?

What are Autoreceptors?

Which nervous system has no drug available to act on prejunctional autoreceptors?

A

104 molecules of ACh/ second by a single enzyme molecule

Pre-junctional NT: regulate release

PSNS

33
Q

Sympathetic neurons a2 agonists, which reduce the _________ and reduce sympathetic activity.

A

release of NE

34
Q

What bacteria releases Botulinum toxin?

What is it used for?

A

Clostridium botulinum

paralyze skeletal muscle in cases of excessive involuntary skeletal muscle tone

35
Q

Clinical uses of BOTOX

  1. S
  2. B
  3. H
  4. C
  5. P
A

Strabismus unaligned lines of vision between eyes

Blepharospasm (contracted eyelids wont open)

Hemifacial spasm - twitch

Cosmetic use - facial wrinkles

Prophylaxis against chronic migraines headache - marginally effective.

(not approved treatment for episodic migraine)

36
Q

There are 2 types of Cholinergic receptors: what are they?

A

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

37
Q

What are the different types of nicotinic cholinergic receptors?

What are the different types of Muscarinic choliergic receptors?

A

Nn and Nm

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5

38
Q

What are Nn receptors used for?

What are Nm receptors used for?

What are M1 receptors used for?

What are M2 receptors used for?

A

ganglia

muscles

CNS - brain and spinal cord

heart

39
Q

What are M3 receptors used for?

M4 and M5 receptors?

A

exocrine glands

random things

40
Q

_______ - distingued based on affinities for agents that mimic action of ACh.

Muscarine receptors are located where?

A

Cholinoreceptors

Autonomic, effector organs

41
Q

Nicotinic receptors :

located?

A

CNS, adrenal medulla, autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

42
Q

Muscarinic receptors are _________ receptors. (downstream)

Nicotinic receptors are __________.

A

G-protein coupled receptors

Sodium ion channels

43
Q

M1 is responsible for ____

its effects cause what?

A

CNS (gastric)

increase in stomach acid secretion

44
Q

M2

A

PHPY 304 (6 decks)

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