J: Transport in Cells & Animals

Question 1

Antibiotics

Answer 1

Substances that kill bacteria and fungal infections.

Question 2

Antibody

Answer 2

Protein produced by the body’s immune system that attacks foreign invaders (antigens).

Question 3

Antigens

Answer 3

Foreign cells/viruses/poisons that trigger an immune response.

Question 4

Arteries

Answer 4

Thick-walled muscular tubes which carry blood away form the heart.

Question 5

Capillaries

Answer 5

Narrowest blood-vessels, which leaky walls for exchange of substances with surrounding tissues.

Question 6

Concentration gradient

Answer 6

The ‘steepness’ of difference in concentration between two adjacent areas. Particles will diffuse down the concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, moving faster the steeper gradient.

Question 7

Dilated

Answer 7

Widened or expanded.

Question 8

Flaccid

Answer 8

Lacking turgor; lacking in stiffness or strength.

Question 9

Haemoglobin

Answer 9

The red protein found in red blood cells that transport oxygen round the body.

Question 10

Immune system

Answer 10

The body’s defence system against diseases and infections.

Question 11

Lymphocytes

Answer 11

White blood cells which attack pathogens by producing antibodies.

Question 12

Osmoregulation

Answer 12

Process of keeping a constant amount of water and salts in the blood.

Question 13

Passive immune system

Answer 13

The body’s natural barriers which are always there, e.g. the skin.

Question 14

Pathogens

Answer 14

Micro-organisms that cause disease.

Question 15

Plasma

Answer 15

Liquid, non-cellular part of the blood.

Question 16

Plasma (blood)

Answer 16

The liquid part of the blood. It contains useful things like glucose, amino acids, minerals, vitamins (nutrients) and hormones, as well as waste materials such as urea.

Question 17

Platelets

Answer 17

White blood cell fragments which circulate in the blood and assist in clotting.

Question 18

Red blood cells

Answer 18

Cells which contain haemoglobin and carry oxygen.

Question 19

Turgit

Answer 19

Having turgor; enlarged and swollen with water.

Question 20

Vaccinating

Answer 20

Immunising by introducing harmless pathogens; inoculating.

Question 21

Vaccines

Answer 21

Substances containing disabled antigens of a particular disease, usually administered via injection. Vaccines stimulate the body to produce antibodies to provide immunity against that disease.

Question 22

Valves

Answer 22

Structures containing a flap or flaps to ensure one-way flow of liquid.

Question 23

Veins

Answer 23

Thin-walled, valved tubes which carry blood back to the heart.

Question 24

White blood cells

Answer 24

Cells which fight disease by making antibodies or engulfing germs.