E: Respiration & Photosynthesis

Question 1

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 1

Respiration that occurs in the absence of sufficient oxygen. Produces lactic acid (in humans) or ethanol (in plant & yeast)

Question 2

ATP

Answer 2

A hight-energy chemical used in cells as an energy store.

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

The green chemical inside the chloroplast of plant cells. It enables photosynthesis to take place.

Question 4

Energy

Answer 4

Released in respiration and required for virtually all metabolic activities in living things.

Question 5

Guard cells

Answer 5

Specialised cells which control the opening and closing of the stomata in a green plant’s leaves.

Question 6

Lactic acid

Answer 6

A toxic chemical produced during anaerobic respiration.

Question 7

Light energy

Answer 7

Energy in the form of light (from the sun). It is needed for photosynthesis, which changed light energy into chemical energy.

Question 8

Limiting factor

Answer 8

Something which prevents or slows down a process. Temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity can all be limiting factors on photosynthesis.

Question 9

Mesophyll

Answer 9

The inner tissue of a leaf, whose cells are green because they contain chloroplast.

Question 10

Mesophyll cells

Answer 10

The inner tissue of a leaf, whose cells are green because they contain chloroplast.

Question 11

Oxygen debt

Answer 11

The amount of extra oxygen required by the body for recovery after vigorous exercise.

Question 12

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 12

The upper layer of mesophyll where photosynthesis mostly takes place.

Question 13

Photosynthesis

Answer 13

The chemical change that occurs in the leaves of green plants that uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Oxygen is produced as a by-product of photosynthesis.

Question 14

Respiration

Answer 14

Chemical change that takes place inside living cells, which uses glucose and oxygen to produce the energy organisms need to live. Carbon dioxide is a by-product of respiration.

Question 15

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 15

The lower layer of mesophyll which contains numerous air spaces where gas exchange takes place.

Question 16

Stomata

Answer 16

Tiny holes in the epidermis (skin) of a leaf - usually on the undersides of leaves. They control water loss and gas exchange by opening and closing. Singular is stoma.

Question 17

Variegated

Answer 17

With alternating green and white patches. In variegated leaves, photosynthesis only occurs in the green patches, as the white patches contain no chloroplast.