j. Flashcards
What is a chemical bond?
A chemical bond is the net electrostatic, attractive force between two atoms that holds them together to form a molecule.
What forces are involved in a chemical bond?
There are both attractive and repulsive forces: attractive forces exist between the positively charged nucleus of one atom and the negatively charged electrons of the other, while repulsive forces exist between the two nuclei and electron clouds.
What happens before a new chemical bond can form?
The existing bonds in the original molecules must be broken, which requires energy absorption.
What happens when a new bond forms?
Energy is released, and the bonded atoms move to a more stable state with lower potential energy.
What is an example of bond formation?
Hydrogen (H2) and chlorine (Cl2) molecules break their bonds to form hydrogen chloride (HCl).
What are the three types of chemical bonds?
Covalent bonds, Ionic bonds, and Metallic bonds.
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond involves the sharing of at least one pair of electrons between two non-metal atoms.
What conditions are needed for a covalent bond to form?
The bonding atoms must have half-filled orbitals, and the shared electrons must have opposite spins.
Which types of elements typically form covalent bonds?
Non-metal atoms. Examples include H2, HCl, and NH3.
How do the melting and boiling points of covalent compounds compare to other bonds?
Covalent bonds result in lower melting and boiling points due to weaker forces of attraction between atoms.
What is Lewis notation?
Lewis notation represents atoms and their valence electrons using dots or crosses.
What is a Lewis structure?
A Lewis structure is a diagram that represents a molecule, showing bonded atoms and their valence electrons using dots or crosses.
Why don’t noble gases form bonds?
Noble gases do not have half-filled orbitals, so they do not need to share or gain electrons to achieve stability.
What is an example of a Lewis structure?
Examples include CO2 (with double bonds) and N2 (with a triple bond).
What is the difference between a single, double, and triple bond?
A single bond shares one pair of electrons, a double bond shares two pairs, and a triple bond shares three pairs.
