IWA #2 - Psychology Flashcards
What is the Primacy Effect?
We are able to better recall the information we were exposed to first.
What is the Recency Effect?
We are able to better recall information we were exposed to most recently (latest). This is greatly disturbed by the introduction of a time delay.
Describe the Multi-Store Model of Memory.
We start off with a sensory input of information which enters into our sensory register. This information is then either forgotten or entered into our short term memory. We then have another opportunity for this information to be forgotten, or to instead enter our long term memory. A third option is rehearsal of this information to retain it in our short term memory, and eventual allow it to pass into long term memory.
Explain HM’s (~&EP’s) medical case.
HM’s case constituted the removal (or damage) of the hippocampus. While short term memory was functional, and long term memories were retained, new long term memories were no longer able to be formed (antegrade amnesia).
What does HM&EP’s cases suggest about the Hippocampus?
They suggest that the hippocampus is responsible for the formation of long term declarative memories (consolidation).
How are Memory Systems subdivided?
Memory Systems:
- Short-term/Working Memory
- Long-term Memory
- Declarative (Explicit)
- Semantic
- Episodic
- Non-Declarative (Implicit)
- Procedural
- Conditioning
- Priming
What is Procedural Memory?
This is often referred to as muscle memory, and refers to our capacity to ride a bike, or play a musical instrument.
Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum
What is a medical case which suggests the existence of procedural memory?
The Case of Clive Wearing:
Had antegrade AND retrograde amnesia, but his procedural memory was still intact (he could still play the piano).
What is conditioning? Provide an example to support your answer.
Conditioning refers to pre-encoded responses to particular stimuli, like a fear of dogs developing after getting bitten by them on multiple occasions.
What is priming? Provide an example.
Priming refers to our brain’s ability to fill in the missing blanks of information. Ex. incomplete pictures test.
What’s the difference between Semantic and Episodic memory?
Semantic memory - facts & information.
Episodic memory - events & experiences.
What is a chunk?
A chunk is an abstract unit, considered to be the smallest possible assembly of tangible/coherent form of information.
7 +/- 2 is the our short term numerical limit.
What are the two forms of Working (Short-Term) Memory?
Phonological Loop: speech based information
Mental Imagery: visual patterns in memory
Does long term visual memory contain complete mental images?
No, this kind of information is also made up of semantic/factual/declarative knowledge.
What is the final takeaway from Psychology regarding memory?
Memory should be considered as a reconstruction. We may remember the meaning of things, but we our memories can omit, transform, emphasize, or expand on particular information.
(see reading for details)
