Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

COGS 200 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What does computationalism claim about cognition?

A

Cognition is symbol manipulation in the mind, which is the sole locus of thought.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 E’s of cognition?

A

Embodied, Embedded, Extended, Enacted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does 4E cognition differ from computationalism?

A

It includes body, environment, tools, and actions as part of cognitive processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is embodied cognition?

A

Intelligence emerges from the interaction of body and environment, not just internal processing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Rodney Brooks say about intelligence?

A

It’s more a modulator of behavior than a central control system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are affordances in embodied cognition?

A

Action possibilities offered by the environment relative to an agent’s capabilities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do all actions require representations?

A

No, many are directly driven by perception.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an affordance?

A

What an environment offers an organism, depending on its abilities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are affordances subjective or objective?

A

Both—objectively present, but subjectively accessed based on individual capabilities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an ecological niche?

A

The set of affordances specific to an individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are alternate sign languages?

A

Gestural systems used in hearing communities, not full languages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What defines a Deaf community sign language?

A

It is a full natural language with all levels of linguistic structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Pro-tactile ASL?

A

A tactile form of ASL used by DeafBlind individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect?

A

Judgments are faster when sentence meaning and physical response direction align.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect suggest?

A

Understanding language can involve embodied simulation of action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is occupational neuroplasticity?

A

Brain structure changes due to long-term skill use (e.g., taxi drivers, musicians).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What part of the brain grows in London taxi drivers?

A

Posterior hippocampus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a cognitive artifact?

A

An object that aids, enhances, or substitutes a cognitive process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give an example of a cognitive artifact.

A

A notebook (memory aid), or a cane (sensory substitution).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does Material Engagement Theory argue?

A

Cognition is extended and enacted through interaction with material culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is “thinging”?

A

Thinking with and through things.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is metaplasticity?

A

Interaction between brain plasticity and material culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the Visual Word Form Area?

A

Brain area repurposed for recognizing written words.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is neuronal recycling?

A

Cultural inventions co-opt existing brain functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does handwriting impact the brain?
It links visual, motor, and language areas, improving memory and recognition.
26
Why is literacy considered extended and enactive?
It depends on material tools and physical behaviors (writing/reading).
27
Front
Back
28
What are gestures in the context of 4E cognition?
Gestures are bodily movements, especially of the hands, that contribute to thought and communication, not just expression.
29
How do gestures relate to cognition?
Gestures help offload cognitive effort, facilitate memory and problem solving, and are part of the thinking process.
30
What evidence supports gestures as cognitive tools?
Studies show people solve spatial problems better when allowed to gesture; blind individuals also gesture, indicating cognitive utility.
31
What does the Tetris study show about cognition?
It shows how cognition can be distributed between mind and environment, with players rotating blocks mentally or in-game.
32
How does Tetris support extended cognition?
Tetris players often offload computation to the environment by rotating pieces on screen instead of in their minds.
33
What is the parity principle?
If a process outside the head functions the same as one inside, it should be considered part of the cognitive system.
34
How does the parity principle support extended cognition?
It argues that cognitive processes aren't limited to the brain if external tools perform equivalent functions.
35
What are environmental supports?
They are structures or tools in the environment that help guide or enhance cognition.
36
Give an example of environmental support in cognition.
A checklist for a pilot or a map for a navigator—external aids that reduce mental workload.
37
Who are Inga and Otto in cognitive science?
Inga recalls directions from memory; Otto, with Alzheimer's, uses a notebook. Both access beliefs differently.
38
What do Inga and Otto illustrate?
They show how external memory (Otto’s notebook) can be functionally equivalent to biological memory.
39
What is functional equivalence in extended cognition?
It’s the idea that an external process is part of cognition if it functions like an internal process.
40
How does functional equivalence relate to the extended mind thesis?
It supports including external tools in the mind if they serve the same role as internal processes.
41
Why is imitation important in cognition?
Imitation is key to learning, culture, and understanding others’ intentions.
42
How does imitation support 4E cognition?
It shows how embodied interaction and social context shape learning and cognitive development.
43
What’s the difference between mimicry and emulation in imitation studies?
Mimicry copies exact actions; emulation aims for the same result, showing understanding of goals.
44
Topic
Flashcard
45
Action and Problem Solving
Problem solving is a natural behavior involving spontaneous restructuring of information (insight).
46
Insight Learning
Wolfgang Kohler showed that apes solve problems through insight—sudden restructuring of information.
47
Affordances
Affordances are opportunities for action provided by the environment (J.J. Gibson).
48
Perception and Affordances
We perceive the world in terms of affordances—what actions are possible given our environment.
49
Perception for Action
Perception is not just input; it serves action and is shaped by it.
50
Social Interaction and Perception
Action often occurs in social contexts, where our behavior and perception are influenced by others.
51
Dual Stream Hypothesis
The brain processes sensory information in two streams: one for perception and one for guiding action.
52
Cognitive Offloading
We often act to help ourselves think and perceive, such as rotating our head to read tilted text.
53
Embodied Cognitive Offloading
Body movements like head tilts are used to assist cognition during tasks.
54
Yarbus (1967)
Eye movements reveal task-relevant perception patterns, especially in social contexts.
55
Eye Bias
People show a bias to look at eyes, even more than other facial features.
56
Real vs Video Eye Contact
People look less at real people than at videos of people in experiments.
57
Social Presence Effect
Real and implied social presence (like cameras) alters gaze and behavior.
58
Implied Social Presence
Wearing eye trackers or being filmed can reduce behaviors like yawning due to perceived observation.
59
Social Presence and Cognition
Thoughts and actions are embedded in social contexts, affecting behavior and perception.
60
Mobile Eye-Tracking Studies
Real-world tracking shows different gaze behavior compared to lab settings.

COGS 200 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions