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Clinical Laboratory Medicine > IVF > Flashcards

IVF Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of IVF…

A

crystalloids, colloids, blood and blood products

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2
Q

What type of IVF?

contain sodium as main osmotically active particle

A

crystalloids

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3
Q

What type of IVF?

contain high-molecular weight substances that don’t migrate easily across capillaries

more likely to stay in vascular compartment

A

colloids

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4
Q

What type of IVF?

similar to colloids because they stay in the vascular space

A

blood/blood products

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5
Q

3 types of isotonic crystalloids…

A

0.9 NS, LR, plasmalyte

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6
Q

These crystalloids have same salt concentration as normal cells of body and blood…

A

isotonic crystalloids

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7
Q

These crystalloids have higher salt concentration than normal cells…

A

hypertonic crystalloid

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8
Q

What IVF is a hypertonic crystalloid?

A

3% NS

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9
Q

This type of crystalloid has a lower salt concentration than normal cells

A

hypotonic crystalloids

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10
Q

What are two types of hypotonic crystalloids?

A

0.5 NS, 0.25 NS

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11
Q

D5W is what type of IVF?

A

crystalloid

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12
Q

Which isotonic crystalloid?

contains lactate, potassium, calcium and NaCl

A

lactated ringers

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13
Q

isotonic crystalloids distribute in a _____ pattern throughout ECF space

A

uniform

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14
Q

This type of IVF is used for tx of dehydration, hypovolemia. They can be used for IV bolus

A

isotonic crystalloids

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15
Q

This type of IVF should be used cautiously

can be used with life-threatening hyponatremia with significant water excess

replacement rate must be calculated.

A

hypertonic crystalloids (3% NS)

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16
Q

what could occur with overly rapid correction of hyponatremia?

A

CPM

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17
Q

This type of IVF is used for maintenance fluids, and is distributed throughout the TBW.

It isn’t adequate for replacing intravascular volume deficit (hypovolemia/dehydration)

A

hypotonic crystalloids

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18
Q

This IVF has similar TBW distribution to hypotonic crystalloids

can be used to treat hypoglycemia

A

D5W

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19
Q

This type of IVF can be considered when crystalloids fail to sustain plasma volume due to low osmotic pressure

A

colloids

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20
Q

burn patients or peritonitis patients with considerable protein loss can be repleted with…

A

colloids

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21
Q

Colloids are more likely to expand which compartment?

A

vascular

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22
Q

is there evidence to support use of colloids in severe hypovolemia?

A

no

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23
Q

What are the 3 main categories of colloids?

A

albumin, dextran, hetastarch

24
Q

Albumin comes in what preparations?

A

5%, 25%

25
Q

Dextran comes in what two preparations?

A

40, 70

26
Q

what colloid is used in edematous patients to mobilize interstitial fluid to vascular space?

A

albumin

27
Q

This colloid can be helpful patients experiencing third spacing…

A

albumin

28
Q

This is a synthetic glucose polymer that is a colloid IVF

A

dextran

29
Q

What is dextran’s intravascular expansion equal to?

A

amount infused

30
Q

This is a glyocogen like molecule that is less expansive than albumin, and therefore can be used as an alternative

A

hetastarch

31
Q

hetastarch is more frequently used in what setting?

A

intra-operatively

32
Q

hetastarch increases vascular volume to an amount _____ than the volume infused

A

greater or equal to

33
Q

Three types of blood products are…

A

PRBCs, platelets, fresh frozen plasma

34
Q

PRBCs can be used with crystalloids for what reason?

A

expand intravascular volume

35
Q

Before transfusion with PRBCs, what must be done?

A

blood type screen/cross

36
Q

When can platelets be considered?

A

thrombocytopenia or impaired function

37
Q

This is used to correct major bleeding complications in patients on wararin or with a vitamin K deficiency

A

FFP

38
Q

Which 4 IVF can be given as bolus?

A

NS, LR, plasmalyte, PRBCs

39
Q

bolus can be given ___mL to ____ L

A

250 ml - 1L

40
Q

Bolus should be considered in what two situations?

A

hypovolemia due to dehydration or acute blood loss

41
Q

What is the commonly used preparation of maintenance IVF?

A

D5W/0.5NS with 20mEq KCl

42
Q

When is maintenance IVF considered?

A

NPO patients

43
Q

Can potassium-containing IVF be given as a bolus?

A

no, NEVER

44
Q

potassium is as osmotically active as…

A

sodium

45
Q

When can potassium be added to IVF?

A

maintenance if NPO or hypokalemia

46
Q

What type of IVF therapy can be given to correct existing water/electrolyte deficit from GI, GU, Skin, blood loss or third spacing?

A

replacement IVF

47
Q

what can be used as a guide for post-op fluid repletion?

A

urine output and vitals

48
Q

Parkland formula…

A

percent burned x body weight (kg) x 4 ml

49
Q

The following are indications for…

small bowel resection
bowel obstruction
IBD
bowel rest
can't tolerate enteral
inadequate energy intake PO
multisystem dx
A

TPN

50
Q

what type of parenteral nutrition?

  • central line
  • MC
  • > 7 days
A

TPN

51
Q

Which type of parenteral nutrition?

  • infrequently used
  • uses IV/peripheral access
  • short term < 7 days
A

PPN

52
Q

What should be monitored while on TPN?

A

Is and Os
daily weights

CMP, LFTs, TGs

53
Q

How often should monitoring occur on TPN while inpatient?

A

daily to weekly

54
Q

How often should monitoring occur on TPN while outpatient?

A

weekly to monthly

55
Q

The following TPN complications are related to what?

air embolism
PTX
DVT
infx
thrombophlebitis
A

catheter

Clinical Laboratory Medicine (9 decks)

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