Electrolytes: Potassium Disorders Flashcards
The four corners of an electrolyte panel diagram in clockwise fashion…
sodium, potassium, bicarb, chloride
What is the major intracellular cation?
potassium
RAAS has what effect on potassium?
increased excretion
This is artificially high potassium occurring from venipuncture related hemolysis..
pseudohyperkalemia
renal failure
meds: aldo ant, K sparring diuretics, ACE/ARBs
hypoaldosteronism
these all cause hyperkalemia via…
inadequate excretion
Adrenal insufficiency (addison’s)
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
nsaids
renal tubular dysfunction
These are common etiologies of hyperkalemia via…
hypoaldosteronism
Tissue damage, decreased insulin, and acidosis can cause hyperkalemia via…
redistribution of potassium (ICF–> ECF)
A 0.1 decrease in pH raises potassium approx _____ to ECF
05.-1 mEq
potassium supplementation, PO or IV, or potassium containing salt substitutes… these are what causes of hyperkalemia?
excess admin
Hyperkalemia… its
A FACT
Stands for…
arrhythmia flaccid paralysis ascending muscle weakness conduction abnormality t-waves
arrhythmia flaccid paralysis ascending muscle weakness conduction abnormality t-waves
these are signs of…
hyperkalemia
How is hyperkalemia treated rapidly?
rapid correction with IV calcium chloride
sodium bicarb, d50W + insulin
The below can treat hyperkalemia via…
sodium bicarb, d50W + insulin
shift potassium ECF to ICF
How is hyperkalemia treated slowly?
loop or thiazide diuretics
stop offending cause
The following are four causes of ______
inadequate intake
GI loss
Renal loss
ECF to ICF
hypokalemia
What cause of hypokalemia?
thiazide or loop diuretic use
inadequate K intake
What cause of hypokalemia?
vomiting
NG suction
metabolic alkalosis
GI Loss
metabolic alkalosis causes…
hypokalemia
What cause of hypokalemia?
diuretics
bicarb excretion
mineralocorticoid excess: hyperaldosteronism, cushings
renal loss
What cause of hypokalemia?
metabolic alkalosis
insulin
beta agonists
periodic paralysis
redistribution ECF to ICF
The following are indicative of…
U waves Cramping respiratory failure rhabdo anorexia, NV muscle weakness paralysis
hypokalemia (hypokalemia: yoU CRRAMP)
With hypokalemia, what other electrolyte should you always check because it is followed by potassium…
Mg
Rapid correction of hypokalemia:
cardiac monitor and IV potassium chloride
when rapidly correcting hypokalemia, how often should you get a stat potassium?
q 2-4 hrs
Slow correction of hypokalemia should occur via…
PO supplementation
