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Spinal Final > IVD > Flashcards

IVD Flashcards

1
Q

What is the number of true IVD identified in the adult?

A

23

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2
Q

What is the organizational pattern for glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar nucleus pulpous?

A

they typically lack a binding site for hyaluronic acid and are thus non-aggregated

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3
Q

What cell is associated with the nucleus pulposus until age 11?

A

notochord cells

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4
Q

Which type of collagen is dominant in the nucleus pulposus?

A

collagen type II

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5
Q

What is unusual about the cervical annulus fibrosus?

A

it lacks any lamellar or layered organization

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6
Q

What is the appearance of the cervical annulus fibrosus?

A

a horse-shoe with the anterior margin thick and the lateral margins tapering to the uncinate processes; the posterior margin is thin

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7
Q

What compensates for the thinness of the posterior part of the cervical annulus fibrosus?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

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8
Q

What is the organizational pattern for glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar annulus fibrosus?

A

they typically have a binding site for hyaluronic acid and are thus aggregated

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9
Q

Which type of collagen is dominant in the annulus fibrosus?

A

collagen type I

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10
Q

What is the organizational pattern for collagen fibers in the annulus fibrosus?

A

they are parallel with one another in a single lamellas and angled

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11
Q

What is the organizational pattern for collagen fibers between lamellae?

A

collagen fibers will be angled in the opposite direction such that a spiral–counterspiral organization is observed

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12
Q

What is the average angle of collagen fibers within the annulus fibrosus?

A

they average 50-60 degrees

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13
Q

What is the origin for the cells of the annulus fibrosus?

A

sclerotomites

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14
Q

What cell type is associated with the annulus fibrosus?

A

fibroblast and fibrocyte

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15
Q

What is the cartilage end plate derived from?

A

epiphyseal plate

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16
Q

What part of the vertebral body will the cartilage end plate cover?

A

the cancellous bone at the top or bottom of the vertebral body

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17
Q

What is the principal type of collagen fiber within the cartilage end plate?

A

type II collagen fiber

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18
Q

What is the direction of collagen fibers within the cartilage end plate?

A

collagen fibers are aligned anterior to posterior

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19
Q

What is the earliest indicator of IVD pathology or degeneration?

A

changes in the histology of the cartilage end plate

20
Q

What part of the IVD is innervated?

A

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus

21
Q

What are the types of receptor endings in the IVD?

A

nociceptors and proprioceptors

22
Q

What is the relationship between size of the IVD and receptor endings?

A

the larger the disc, the greater the variety of receptor endings

23
Q

What are the sources of innervation of the IVD?

A

the sinu-vertebral nerve (sinus vertebral nerve, recurrent meningeal nerve), fibers from the ventral primary ramus, fibers from the white rams communicans, fibers from the paradisal rams communicants, fibers from the gray ramus communicans

24
Q

What nerves have been shown to give off the sinus vertebral/sinu-vertebral/recurrent meningeal nerve?

A

the mixed spinal nerve, ventral primary ramus, dorsal primary ramus, gray ramus communicans, and white ramus communicans have all been implicated

25
Q

The recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve has typically been shown to originate from which source?

A

the gray ramus communicans

26
Q

What part of the IVD is innervated by the recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve?

A

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the posterior part of the IVD

27
Q

What forms the anterior neural plexus of the vertebral column?

A

fibers from the ventral primary ramus

28
Q

What forms the lateral neural plexus of the vertebral column?

A

fibers from the ventral primary ramus, fibers form the white ramus communicans, fibers from the paradisal ramus communicans, fibers from the gray ramus communicans

29
Q

What part of the IVD is innervated by fibers from the ventral primary ramus?

A

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the anterior and lateral part of the IVD

30
Q

What innervates the annulus fibrosus at the lateral part of the IVD?

A

fibers from the ventral primary ramus, fibers from the white ramus communicans, fibers from the paradisal ramus communicans, fibers from the gray ramus communicans

31
Q

What part of the IVD is innervated by fibers from the white ramus communicans?

A

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosis at th lateral part of the IVD

32
Q

What is the name given to the white ramus communicans which becomes embedded within the annulus fibrosus of the IVD?

A

the paradisal ramus communicans

33
Q

How does the IVD attach to the vertebral body?

A

Sharpie’s fibers from the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus are firmly embedded into he epiphyseal rims of the adjacent vertebral bodies

34
Q

In what regions of the vertebral column is the space formed between vertebral bodies by the IVD the greatest?

A

the cervical and lumbar regions

35
Q

Which curve direction will be associated with the greatest space observed between vertebral bodies?

A

the lordotic or anterior curves

36
Q

What is the popular theory of intra-abdominal cavity pressure and IVD response to weight bearing?

A

increasing the intra-abdominal cavity pressure will diminish the amount of resistance in IVD needs to generate by up to 50%

37
Q

Based on histology, what is the classification of the IVD?

A

a cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

38
Q

Based on function, what is a possible classification for the IVD?

A

a synovial (diarthrosis) arthrodia

39
Q

What part of the somite will form the vertebral column?

A

the sclerotome

40
Q

What structure is formed following migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord?

A

the perichordal blastema

41
Q

What is formed within the perichordal blastema between the sclerotomites?

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

42
Q

What does the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner become?

A

the perichordal disc

43
Q

What structure forms following migration and subsequent mixing of the sclerotomites?

A

the vertebral blastema

44
Q

What is the earliest indicator of the position of the adult IVD?

A

intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

45
Q

What is the consequence of aggregated glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar annulus fibrosis?

A

the annulus fibrosus will retain water under deformation conditions

Spinal Final (23 decks)

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