IV Therapy Flashcards
Intravenous
within the vein
IV therapy
infusion of liquid substance directly into the vein
Drip
IV commonly called a “drip” due to drip chamber that prevents air from entering vein
Venipuncture
a technique in which vein is puncture by needle thru the skin
Purposes of IV therapy
maintain or replace body’s store of water,electrolytes,proteins,calories,nitrogen
Restore acid-base balance
Replenish blood volume
Medication administration
Provide route for maintaining nutritional status
Kidneys
maintain fluid composition by controlling amt of fluid
made and released/adrenal glands release aldosterone which is directly influences sodium levels
Lungs
Two biggest culprits for insensible fluid loss through respirations
Skin
Loss thru perspiration
Pituitary gland
releases anti diuretic hormone (prevents dieresis by increasing the reabsorption of water
Pure water is ___________
hypontonic
Why is osmolality important to understand?
This is the concentration of the solution
the body’s electrolyte-water balance
the number of dissolved particles contained in unit of water
Normal serum osmolality
275-300 mOsm/kg
Types of IV fluids
Crystalloids
Colloid
Blood products
Crystalloids
can cross membrane
hypotonic
hypertonic
isotonic
Colloid
can not cross membrane
plasma expanders
Blood products
Packed RBC FFP Albumin whole blood Platelets
Lactated Ringer’s (LR)
breaks down to CO3 making solution more alkaline. use caution w/ heart disease, liver falure, renal failure
D5W
Contains no sodium. Has 50g of glucose
Isotonic
0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
Lactated Ringer’s (LR)
D5W
Hypotonic
0.45% NaCl (1/2 NS)
0.33% NaCl (1/3 NS)
A lesser concentration of solutes than is surroundings attempts to balance concentrations
Hypertonic
A higher concentration of solutes on the outside of cell 3% NaCl 5% NaCl 5% destrose in 0.45% NaCl 10% dextrose in water
Types of IVs
Central line placement
Peripherally inserted central line
Cutdown
Peripheral line vein sites
Digital-fingers Metacarpal veins-hands Cephalic-forearm Basilic-backside of forearm Internal &external jugular Legs
Veins
carry unoxygenated blood to heart (dark red) have valves can collapse located in surgace do not pulsate
