Infection Control

Question 1

Infection

Answer 1

When micros invade the body

Question 2

Chain of infection

Answer 2

Infectious Agent-Reservoir-Portal of Exit-Mode of Transmission-Portal of Entry- Susceptible Host

Question 3

Normal Flora

Answer 3

Body’s Bacteria - aids in gi, limits growth of bad bacteria, synthesize vit k, b12, thiamine, and riboflavin

Question 4

Pathogen

Answer 4

organism capable of disease

Question 5

types of pathogens

Answer 5

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa-worms and infectious protein

Question 6

Mode of transmission

Answer 6

direct, animal direct, fomite

Question 7

direct contact

Answer 7

touching, kissing, sex

Question 8

fomite

Answer 8

contaminated object that transfers pathogen

Question 9

reservoir

Answer 9

location of infection

Question 10

different reservoirs

Answer 10

non-living- soil/water/food/surface
living - animals/insects/humans
carrier

Question 11

carrier

Answer 11

have pathogen but no s/s of disease

Question 12

portal of exit

Answer 12

body fluids, cuts, bites, abrasions

Question 13

portal of entry

Answer 13

opening into body

Question 14

types of portal of entry

Answer 14

eyes, nares, mouth, urethra, vagina, cuts, scrapes, bites, wounds

Question 15

susceptible host

Answer 15

person with inadequate defenses such as old or young

Question 16

factors leading to infection

Answer 16

1. power to infect
2. number of pathogen transmitted
3. Host defense

Question 17

classification of infection

Answer 17

local- one area
systemic-whole body
primary-cause
secondary-happens after treatment
exogenous-other people
endogenous-already in body
iatrogenic-result from treatment
acute-sudden
chronic-long term
latent-carrier

Question 18

stages of infection

Answer 18

Incubation
Prodromal
Illness
Convalescence

Question 19

Incubation

Answer 19

Expo to infection

Question 20

Prodromal

Answer 20

First appearance of symptoms

Question 21

Illness

Answer 21

Appearance of disease; Untreated –>death

Question 22

What determines length of illness and convalescence?

Answer 22

Infection

Question 23

Convalescence

Answer 23

s/s begin to subside
tissues getting back to norm
may have temp/perm change

Question 24

Bodies defenses against infection

Answer 24

Inflammatory and Immune Response

Question 25

Inflammatory Response

Answer 25

Acute-Redness,heat,swelling, pain. Constrict-->Dilate Flood with fluid Phagocytes cover area

Question 26

Immune Response

Answer 26

Has Humoral and cellular immunity

Question 27

Antigen

Answer 27

Foreign protein

Question 28

Antibody

Answer 28

Body produces in response to antigen

Question 29

Cellular immunity

Answer 29

Inc WBC goes after foreign protein

Question 30

Body's Primary defense

Answer 30

``` Intact Skin Mucous Cilia Hair in Nose Lysozyme in tears and saliva Acid/Bile Vomiting/Diarrhea ```

Question 31

Secondary Defense

Answer 31

Phagocytosis Complement cascade Inflammation Fever

Question 32

Complement Cascade

Answer 32

Blood protein causes pathogen's cell wall to rupture

Question 33

Tertiary Defense

Answer 33

Specific Immunity Cell Mediated Immunity Humoral Immunity

Question 34

Specific Immunity

Answer 34

Lympocytes T cells/ B cells Antibodies

Question 35

Cell Mediated

Answer 35

``` T cells Cytotoxic Helper Memory Suppressor ```

Question 36

Humoral Immunity Antibodies

Answer 36

Phagocytosis Neutralization Agglutination Activation of complete & inflammation

Question 37

Support of Immune Defense

Answer 37

``` Nutrition Hygiene Rest/exercise Stress reduction Immunization ```

Question 38

Factors that increase risk

Answer 38

``` Developmental stage Breaks in defense smoking substance abuse illness/injury environment medications procedures multi sex partners ```

Question 39

CDC Tier One

Answer 39

``` Wash hands before/after everthing Never Recap needles Splash precaution with goggles/mask Soil precaution with gown Clean all equipment ```

Question 40

CDC Tier Two

Answer 40

Contact, Droplet, & Airborne Precautions | Protective Isolation

Question 41

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 41

``` Sterile Surgical Scrub Surgical Attire Sterile technique Sterile fields ```

Question 42

When exposed to blood

Answer 42

Wash area w/ soap and water Clean with soap/alcohol Call employee health asap Lab work for you and patient for baseline

Question 43

Infection Control Nurse

Answer 43

Mini infection in facility Be current on info on infections Tracks & reports

Question 44

Bioterrorism

Answer 44

Recognize patterns Are nurses getting sick? Similar resistant