IV THERAPY Flashcards
What is the role of the Boards of Nursing (BON) in IVT training?
IVT training is required before, but under BON Resolution No. 38 series of 2016, IVT training is no longer a pre-employment requirement as of Nov 19, 2016.
What does CHED Memorandum Order No. 14, S. 2009 state regarding IVT?
It incorporates basic IVT into the BSN curriculum.
What is the definition of intravenous therapy (IVT)?
The insertion of a needle or catheter into a vein to administer medication and fluids based on a physician’s prescription.
List purposes of IV therapy.
Sustains clients who can’t take substances orally, replaces water/electrolytes/nutrients, delivers larger doses of medication, and provides immediate vascular access for rapid delivery.
What are the diagnostic purposes of IV therapy?
Venous blood testing and contrast-enhanced imaging.
What are the therapeutic purposes of IV therapy?
Fluid resuscitation, medication administration, blood transfusion, and parenteral nutrition.
What are some disadvantages of IV therapy?
Risks of bleeding, infiltration, infection, allergic reactions, limits patient activities, and is costly.
Where should an IV site ideally be located?
The most distal site, starting with metacarpals; should be palpable and have suitable veins in hand, forearm, and antecubital area.
What are important considerations when choosing an IV site?
Patient’s condition, age, vein size and condition, type and duration of therapy, and hand function.
Name IV sites to avoid.
Edematous extremity, weak/traumatized/paralyzed arm, arm on mastectomy side, arm with arteriovenous fistula, infected skin.
What IV cannula is used for children and older clients with fragile veins?
A butterfly infusion set.
What size gauge is most commonly used for IV cannulas?
22 gauge.
What does a larger cannula diameter allow?
A higher fluid rate, used for rapid emergency fluid administration with sizes 14, 16, 18, and 19.
Differentiate between JP and Blake drains.
JP drain is measured in mm and is not circular; Blake drain uses French units and is circular.
What are the primary components of an IV set?
Spike end, drip chamber, roller clamp, y-site, and adapter end for attachment.
What is the purpose of an intermittent infusion device?
To maintain intravascular accessibility for intermittent administration and ensure patency with periodic flushing.
What complications can arise from IV therapy?
Infiltration, circulatory overload, superficial thrombophlebitis, air embolism, drug overload, nerve damage, speed shock, phlebitis, venous spasm, septicemia, allergic reactions, hematoma, thrombosis.
What are interventions for infiltration?
Change site and apply a cold compress.
What are interventions for circulatory overload?
Slow infusion to KVO, place in high Fowler’s position, and administer diuretics or bronchodilators as needed.
What are interventions for superficial thrombophlebitis?
Change site every 72 hrs, use a large vein for irritating fluids, stabilize venipuncture, and apply a warm compress.
What are interventions for air embolism?
Prevent IV bottle from running dry, prime tubing, and place patient in Trendelenburg position.
What are indications for IV therapy?
To maintain or correct hydration, provide parenteral nutrition, administer drugs, and transfuse blood.
What is a contraindication for IV therapy?
Administering irritant fluids or drugs through peripheral access.
What are essential components of a physician’s IV therapy prescription?
Patient’s name, solution type and amount, flow rate, drug type/dose/frequency, other factors, and MD’s signature.
What patient factors should be assessed before IV therapy?
Clinical status, diagnosis, age, dominant arm, vein condition, cannula size, solution type, and therapy duration.
What are key steps in preparing IV therapy?
Check expiration date, clarity, packaging, match label with prescription, label added medications, and check infusion pump functionality.
List the Rights of Medication for IV therapy.
Right Drug, Client, Route, Dose, Frequency/Time, Assessment, Approach, Education, Evaluation, Documentation, Refuse, Principle of Care, Prescription, Nurse Clinician.
Why is proper anchoring important in IV therapy?
Prevents movement of cannula, irritation of vein, and allows normal blood flow.
What information should be documented for IV therapy?
Size, type, length of cannula/needle, insertion person, date/time of insertion, site condition, complications, interventions, patient teaching, nurse’s signature.
What are policies for proper documentation in IV therapy?
Never chart ahead, identify who did procedure, avoid space in charting, late entries identified, avoid errors, no tampering, report to MD.
What infection control practices are essential in IV therapy?
Handwashing, approved antiseptic for skin, avoid shaving site, do not reuse catheter/needle.
When should IV sites and tubing be changed?
IV site every 48-72 hrs, tubing every 48 hrs or after blood products administration.
What are procedural problems associated with IV therapy?
Fluctuating flow rate, runaway IV, sluggish IV, loose/disconnected line, clogged filter, aseptic break, leaks.
Name risks associated with IV therapy.
Exposure to infectious organisms, needlestick injury, chemical exposure.
