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NURSING ESSENTIALS > BLOOD TRANSFUSION > Flashcards

BLOOD TRANSFUSION Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of the human body weight is blood?

A

“7%”

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2
Q

How many liters of blood are approximately in the human body?

A

“5 liters”

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3
Q

What is the main function of blood in the body?

A

“To carry substances such as nutrients and oxygen”

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4
Q

What does RBC stand for?

A

“Red Blood Cell”

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5
Q

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A

“To carry oxygen from the lungs around the body to every cell”

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6
Q

What protein in red blood cells is responsible for transporting oxygen?

A

“Hemoglobin”

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7
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

“A measurement of the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood”

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8
Q

What percentage of blood is composed of red blood cells?

A

“44%”

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9
Q

What is the main role of white blood cells?

A

“To fight pathogenic diseases and infections as part of the immune system”

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10
Q

Where are white blood cells produced?

A

“In bone marrow”

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11
Q

What percentage of blood is composed of white blood cells?

A

“<1%”

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12
Q

What is the role of plasma in blood?

A

“To carry RBCs

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13
Q

What percentage of blood is plasma?

A

“55%”

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14
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

“To form scabs and stop bleeding from cuts”

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15
Q

What percentage of blood is composed of platelets?

A

“<1%”

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16
Q

What is the normal range of RBC for men?

A

“4.35–5.65 million/mm3”

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17
Q

What is the normal range of RBC for women?

A

“3.92–5.13 million/mm3”

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18
Q

What is the normal WBC count range?

A

“4

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19
Q

What is the normal range for platelet count?

A

“150

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20
Q

What is the normal hematocrit range for men?

A

“41–53%”

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21
Q

What is the normal hematocrit range for women?

A

“36–46%”

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22
Q

What is the normal hemoglobin range for men?

A

“13.5–17.5 g/dL”

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23
Q

What is the normal hemoglobin range for women?

A

“12.0–16.0 g/dL”

24
Q

What blood types can an O+ person receive?

A

“O (+/-)”

25
Q

What blood types can an O- person receive?

A

“O (-)”

26
Q

What blood types can an A+ person receive?

A

“A (+/-) or O (+/-)”

27
Q

What blood types can an AB+ person receive?

A

“AB

28
Q

What is the RH factor?

A

“An inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells”

29
Q

What is cross matching?

A

“A test to avoid transfusing incompatible RBCs for both donor and recipient”

30
Q

What volume is in one unit of whole blood?

A

“450 mL”

31
Q

In what situations is whole blood transfusion commonly used?

A

“Acute massive bleeding

32
Q

What is packed RBC used for?

A

“To increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood in anemia and replace blood in chronic and acute blood loss”

33
Q

What volume is in one unit of packed RBC?

A

“250-300 mL”

34
Q

How many bags of packed RBC can the human body accommodate before requiring calcium gluconate?

A

“8 bags”

35
Q

What is autologous RBC used for?

A

“For blood replacement following planned elective surgery”

36
Q

How much should each unit of platelets increase platelet count?

A

“About 5000/microliter”

37
Q

How long can platelets be stored in a closed system?

A

“5 days”

38
Q

What is fresh frozen plasma primarily used for?

A

“To provide clotting factors”

39
Q

What is the shelf life of fresh frozen plasma if frozen?

A

“Up to 1 year”

40
Q

Does fresh frozen plasma need to be cross-matched?

A

“No”

41
Q

What is the purpose of albumin as a blood product?

A

“To act as a blood volume expander and provide plasma protein”

42
Q

What is the main function of cryoprecipitate?

A

“To provide clotting factors

43
Q

Name two types of reactions to blood transfusions.

A

“Hemolytic and febrile reactions”

44
Q

What are common symptoms of a hemolytic reaction?

A

“Fever

45
Q

What is the intervention for a hemolytic reaction?

A

“Discontinue transfusion

46
Q

What are common symptoms of a febrile reaction?

A

“Fever

47
Q

What is the intervention for a febrile reaction?

A

“Discontinue transfusion

48
Q

What are signs of an allergic reaction during a blood transfusion?

A

“Flushing

49
Q

What is the intervention for an allergic reaction during a blood transfusion?

A

“Discontinue transfusion

50
Q

What are symptoms of circulatory overload during blood transfusion?

A

“Dyspnea

51
Q

What is the intervention for circulatory overload?

A

“Place client upright

52
Q

What is the intervention for a septic reaction?

A

“Discontinue transfusion

53
Q

What is immune thrombocytopenia?

A

“A condition where the immune system clears platelets from circulation

54
Q

What is petechiae?

A

“Tiny red or purple dots on the lower legs resembling a rash”

55
Q

What is purpura?

A

“Larger red

NURSING ESSENTIALS (6 decks)

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