BLOOD TRANSFUSION Flashcards
What percentage of the human body weight is blood?
“7%”
How many liters of blood are approximately in the human body?
“5 liters”
What is the main function of blood in the body?
“To carry substances such as nutrients and oxygen”
What does RBC stand for?
“Red Blood Cell”
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
“To carry oxygen from the lungs around the body to every cell”
What protein in red blood cells is responsible for transporting oxygen?
“Hemoglobin”
What is hematocrit?
“A measurement of the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood”
What percentage of blood is composed of red blood cells?
“44%”
What is the main role of white blood cells?
“To fight pathogenic diseases and infections as part of the immune system”
Where are white blood cells produced?
“In bone marrow”
What percentage of blood is composed of white blood cells?
“<1%”
What is the role of plasma in blood?
“To carry RBCs
What percentage of blood is plasma?
“55%”
What is the function of platelets?
“To form scabs and stop bleeding from cuts”
What percentage of blood is composed of platelets?
“<1%”
What is the normal range of RBC for men?
“4.35–5.65 million/mm3”
What is the normal range of RBC for women?
“3.92–5.13 million/mm3”
What is the normal WBC count range?
“4
What is the normal range for platelet count?
“150
What is the normal hematocrit range for men?
“41–53%”
What is the normal hematocrit range for women?
“36–46%”
What is the normal hemoglobin range for men?
“13.5–17.5 g/dL”
What is the normal hemoglobin range for women?
“12.0–16.0 g/dL”
What blood types can an O+ person receive?
“O (+/-)”
What blood types can an O- person receive?
“O (-)”
What blood types can an A+ person receive?
“A (+/-) or O (+/-)”
What blood types can an AB+ person receive?
“AB
What is the RH factor?
“An inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells”
What is cross matching?
“A test to avoid transfusing incompatible RBCs for both donor and recipient”
What volume is in one unit of whole blood?
“450 mL”
In what situations is whole blood transfusion commonly used?
“Acute massive bleeding
What is packed RBC used for?
“To increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood in anemia and replace blood in chronic and acute blood loss”
What volume is in one unit of packed RBC?
“250-300 mL”
How many bags of packed RBC can the human body accommodate before requiring calcium gluconate?
“8 bags”
What is autologous RBC used for?
“For blood replacement following planned elective surgery”
How much should each unit of platelets increase platelet count?
“About 5000/microliter”
How long can platelets be stored in a closed system?
“5 days”
What is fresh frozen plasma primarily used for?
“To provide clotting factors”
What is the shelf life of fresh frozen plasma if frozen?
“Up to 1 year”
Does fresh frozen plasma need to be cross-matched?
“No”
What is the purpose of albumin as a blood product?
“To act as a blood volume expander and provide plasma protein”
What is the main function of cryoprecipitate?
“To provide clotting factors
Name two types of reactions to blood transfusions.
“Hemolytic and febrile reactions”
What are common symptoms of a hemolytic reaction?
“Fever
What is the intervention for a hemolytic reaction?
“Discontinue transfusion
What are common symptoms of a febrile reaction?
“Fever
What is the intervention for a febrile reaction?
“Discontinue transfusion
What are signs of an allergic reaction during a blood transfusion?
“Flushing
What is the intervention for an allergic reaction during a blood transfusion?
“Discontinue transfusion
What are symptoms of circulatory overload during blood transfusion?
“Dyspnea
What is the intervention for circulatory overload?
“Place client upright
What is the intervention for a septic reaction?
“Discontinue transfusion
What is immune thrombocytopenia?
“A condition where the immune system clears platelets from circulation
What is petechiae?
“Tiny red or purple dots on the lower legs resembling a rash”
What is purpura?
“Larger red
