IV Start/IV Therapy (Prof. Courtney = Author) Flashcards
Prof. Courtney is the author of this deck; great review for med surg!
Define crystalloids IV solutions
low cost salt solutions with small molecules that move easily around that body when given through a vein.
examples: Normal Saline, D5W, D5 1/2 NS + 20 meq KCL
Define colloid IV solutions
more expensive than crystalloids, colloids have bigger molecules that stay in the blood longer before passing into other parts of the body.
examples: dextran, albumin, blood and blood components
Define peripheral IV
catheter lies in a vein in an extremity
Define parenteral nutrition or TPN (total parenteral nutrition)
IV administration of a complex and highly concentrated solution that contain nutrients and electrolytes formulated for each patient’s individual nutritional needs
Define Isotonic solutions
have the same effective osmolarity as body fluids.
used for extracellular fluid volume replacement to prevent or treat a deficit.
examples: Normal Saline (NS) and Lactated Ringers (LR)
Define Hypotonic solutions
osmolarity is less than body fluids. dilutes body fluids and moves water into cells rehydrating the cell
examples: 1/4 normal saline and 1/2 normal saline
Define Hypertonic solutions
osmolarity is greater than body fluids pulling water out of cells causing them to shrivel.
examples: D10W, D5 1/2 3% NS
Name two isotonic solutions used in resuscitation efforts and to provide rapid fluid volume replacement
Normal Saline (NS) and Lactated Ringer (LR)
Potassium Chloride (KCL) given IV push can cause which conditions
cardiac dysrhythmia or cardiac arrest
True or False: When placing a venous access device (IV) the technique is always sterile.
True
When selecting the size of an over the needle device (angiocath) the larger the gauge the ________ diameter catheter is being used.
smaller
Define primary line
connects directly to the IV cannula that is in the patient vein
Define secondary line
shorter line used for IV medications and attaches to the primary line
Once the skin is punctured, the nurse removes the stylet ___________.
once blood return is noticed in the chamber signifying the cannula is in the vein
List indications for venipuncture:
blood specimen collection
fluid resuscitation
infuse medications
inject radiopaque tracers
Define IV patency
The IV fluids are flowing without obstruction through the cannula.
Change IV tubing on a continuous infusion every ____ hours.
96
Change IV tubing on an intermittent infusion every _____ hours.
24
Change tubing for blood products every _____hours
4
Change continuous IV lipid tubing every ____hours
24
True or False: The changing of IV fluid bags and IV tubing is a sterile procedure.
True
List the times it is appropriate to change an IV site dressing:
Replace when the IV tubing is changed
Gauze dressings should be changed every 48 hours
Dressing becomes damp, loose, or soiled
Define infiltration:
IV fluid is leaking into the subcutaneous tissue causing edema, pain, coolness to the touch.
Define phlebitis:
Inflammation of the inner layer of vein causing redness, pain, warmth, possible streaking.
IV sites should be assessed every ____ hours in oriented adults
4
IV sites should be assessed every _____ hours in children.
1
Define air embolism
blood vessel blockage caused by one or more bubbles of air in the circulatory system.
When removing an IV from a patient on anticoagulants, what should the nurse consider?
Hold extended pressure after removing the cannula until the bleeding stops
The spike of an IV tubing is sterile or unsterile?
Sterile
Before initiating an IV start intervention the nurse will put on the following PPE.
Gloves
A resilient vein that will most likely accept an IV cannula feel…
soft and bouncy
When starting an IV, the nurse will advance at an angle between _____ and _____ degrees with the bevel of the needle ______
10-30
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