IV infussions Flashcards
Achieve and maintain a euvolemic and isotonic hydrobalance is the goal of ____________
intravenous fluid administration
The selections of an appropriate IV solution is dependent:
The fluid volume
Electrolyte status
Body water is divided in
Extracellular (33%)
Intracellular (66%)
The extracellular body water is divided in
Intersticial (25%)
Plasma (8%)
Examples of external losses GI:
Vomiting, diarrhea,
fistulas, ostomies.
Examples of external losses third space:
Pancreatitis, peritonitis, small bowel obstruction, rhabdomyolisis, burns, postoperative period.
Examples of renal losses
Diuretic
Osmotic diuresis
Mineralocorticoid deficiencies
Decreased TBW and Na ; relatively greater decrease in TBW
Hypernatremia with Hypovolemia
Relatively decreased TBW ; increased Total body Na. Inability to access free water, patients on tube feeding
Hypernatremia with Euvolemia
Increased TBW; greater increase in Na.
Hypernatremia with hypervolemia
Types of solutions
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
A solution that has the same salt concentration as the normal cells of the body and the blood.
Isotonic solution
Examples of isotonic solutions (crystaloids)
0.9% NaCl
Ringer Lactate
Hartmann
Normal osmotic of the body
280-300 mOsm/L
A solution with a lower salts concentration than in normal cells of the body and the blood.
Hypotonic solution
Examples of hypotonic solutions
- 45% NaCl
0. 33% NaCl
A solution with a higher salts concentration than in normal cells of the body and the blood.
hypertonic solution
Examples of hypertonic solutions
D5W in normal (5gr glucose/100 ml) 5%
Saline solution
D10W. (10 gr glucose/100 ml) 10%
Categories of intravenous solutions according to their purpose:
Nutrient solutions
Electrolyte solutions.
Volume expanders.
Fluids that consist of water and dissolved crystals, such as salts and sugar. Used as maintenance fluids to correct body fluids and electrolyte deficit
Electrolyte solutions
Hartman solutions contain
sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium.
Ringer lactated contain
sodium, chloride, potassium ,calcium and lactate
Are used to increase the blood volume following severe loss of blood (haemorrhage) or loss of plasma ( severe burns).
Volumen expanders
_________ is a form of nutritional support that supplies protein, carbohydrate, fat, electrolytes , vitamins, minerals, and fluids via the IV route to meet the metabolic functioning of the body.
Parenteral nutrition
