IV Fluids Flashcards
Diffusion
The movement of solute form high concentration to low concentration
Osmosis
Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration
Osmolarity
The measure of solute concentration per unit volume of solvent
Osmolality
The measure of solute concentration per unit mass of solvent
Tonicity
The measure of the osmotic pressure gradient between two solutions
State the make up of water in the average 70kg man
2/3 (28L) intracellular and 1/3 extracellular of which only 20% is intravascular
How much water needed per day
25-30ml per kg
How much sodium is needed per day
1mmol/kg
How much potassium is needed per day
1mmol/kg
How much glucose is needed per day
50-100g
Euvolaemia
Feels well, not Thirsty Veins well filled Warm extremities Mild sweat Normal BP and HR Normal Urine
Hypovolaemia
Feels nauseous, thirsty Flat veins Cool peripheries No sweat Low or postural BP and high HR Concentrate oliguria Responds to SLR
Hypovolaemia needs
Resus fluids and rehydration fluids
Hypervolaemia
Feels breathless, not thirsty Veins distended Warm and oedematous extremities Sweaty High BP and High HR Dilute urine (could be oliguric or polyuric)
Hypervolaemia needs
Diuretics if there is resp compromise and haemofiltration
State the normal loss of insensibles in adults
400-800 mls
Dextrose fluid useful in
Chronic dehydration and hypernatraemia
Crystalloid fluids useful in
Acute dehydration, acute kidney injury and resus
Plasma expanders
IV albumin and colloid
Plasma expanders useful in
Liver patients
