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Patho Test 2 > Iv Fluids > Flashcards

Iv Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypovolemia

A

Hypovolemia is a state of low extracellular fluid, secondary to combined water and sodium loss

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2
Q

What is hypovolemia?

A

Loss of extracellular fluid

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3
Q

Whar are the signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?

A

Increased HR
Decreased BP
Absence of perfusion
Slow cap refill…nails, forehead, lips
Dizziness
Nausea
Thirst

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4
Q

What causes hypovolemia?

A

Injury
Illness..vomiting and diarrhea
Internal bleeding
Dehydration or malnutrition
Excessive sweating

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5
Q

What is the treatment of hypovolemia

A

Depends on cause. Cause needs treated
Saline
Dextrose
Hartmann ( lactate ringers)
Blood transfusion

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6
Q

What is the treatment of hypovolemia

A

Depends on the cause.
Saline
Dextrose
Lacated ringers..HARTMANNS
Blood transfusion

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7
Q

What is hypervolemia?

A

Fluid overload

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8
Q

What causes hypervolemia

A

Heart or kidney conditions
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
Diabetes
Pregnancy
Hormonal changes
TOO MUCH SALT

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypervolemia?

A

Swelling
Bloating
Cramps and headaches
SOB
Increased BP
Heart problems Inc congestive heart failure

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10
Q

How Do you treat hypervolemia?

A

Taking diuretics
Reducing salt intake
Limiting fluidsdialysis or paracentesis

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11
Q

What is hypertonic fluid?

A

Hypertonic fluids contain a higher concentration of solute compared to plasma and interstitial fluid. This creates an osmotic gradient and drive fluids from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.

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12
Q

What happens if you are too hypertonic?

A

It’s dehydration that occurs when excessive water is excreted without also excretion electrolytes…leaving the fluid that surrounds cells (extracellular fluid) with a higg sodium concentration. This means the sodium outside the cells will draw water out-of the cell towards it

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13
Q

Hypertonic dehydration is also known as…

A

Hypernatremia
And imbalance of water and sodium

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14
Q

What causes hypertonic dehydration?
CELLS SHRINKING

A

Loss of bodily fluids through..
Skin
Sweating
Overexposure to heat
Burns
Impaired thirst mechanism
Cognitive deficits
GI TRACT
diarrhea, vomiting
Laxatives
Gastric sectioning
Ascites
Abdominal infections
Kidney disease
Port-obstructive digress
Salt wasting tubular disease
Additions
Hypoaldosteronism
Diabetes

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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypertonic dehydration?

A

Fatigue
Dark urine
Less frequent urination
Drinking and lips
Decreased BP
Lightheadedness
Cramps
Headaches..dizziness
Convulsions
Hypobolemic shock
Loss of consciousness
Death

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16
Q

What is the treatment for hypertonic dehydration?

A

Oral rehydration MILD
Iv fluids
Treat cause

17
Q

What is hypotonic fluid

A

A solution that has fewer dissolved particles such as salt and other electrolytes, than is found in normal cells.
Cells draw in the fluid and grow and expand until it bursts

18
Q

What causes hypotonic dehydration?

A

Excess pure water loss occurring through the skin, lungs and kidneys

Diuretics where more sodium is lost than water loss

19
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypotonic dehydration?

A

Fatigue
Dizziness
Tachycardia
Confusion
Xerostomia
Constipation
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Dark urine
Hypotension
Weakness
Nausea
NO THIRST
Can lead to swelling of the brain..cerebral oedema
Hyponatremia

20
Q

What is the treatment of hypotonic dehydration?

A

Apple juice
Iced tea
D5 0.20% Saline (fifth normal saline)

21
Q

What is isotonic fluid?

A

Any external solution that has the same solute concentration and water concentration as body fluids
No net movement of water takes place

22
Q

What are examples of isotonic fluids?

A

Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)
Lactated ringers hartmanns
5% dextrose in water (D5W)
Ringers

23
Q

Why would we use isotonic fluid?

A

For patients with fluid volume deficit..HYPOVOLEMIA
Too much can cause hypervolemia
To treat blood loss from surgery
Dehydration

24
Q

What are crystalloid solutions

A

Normal saline (0.9) sodium chloride
D5 (0.45) HALF NORMAL
D5 normal
d5 0.33 third normal
D5 0.2 NORMAL

Patho Test 2 (9 decks)

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