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Microbiology Ni Ma'am K > IV-B: Prokaryotes > Flashcards

IV-B: Prokaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

categorizes bacteria into taxa based on rRNA sequences

A

Bergey’s Manual

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2
Q

Greek god who could assume many shapes

A

Proteus

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3
Q

the largest group of bacteria, most gram-negative and chemoheterotrophic

A

Proteobacteria

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4
Q

five classes of proteobacteria

A

alphaproteobacteria, betaproteobacteria, gammaproteobacteria, deltaproteobacteria, epsilonproteobacteria

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5
Q

capable of growth with very low levels of nutrients, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs

A

Alphaproteobacteria

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6
Q

most abundant in the oceans on the basis of weight

A

Pelagibacter

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7
Q

member of a group of SAR 11 (Sargasso Sea)

A

Pelagibacter ubique

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8
Q

grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants and fix nitrogen

A

Azospirillum

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9
Q

industrially important aerobic organisms that convert ethanol into acetic acid

A

Acetobacter & Gluconobacter

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10
Q

emerging pathogen found in patients with chronic granulomatous disease

A

Granulibacter

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11
Q

Transmitted to humans by insect and tick bites, gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria or coccobacilli

A

Rickettsia

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12
Q

Epidemic typhus

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

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13
Q

Endemic murine typhus

A

Rickettsia typhi

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14
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

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15
Q

live obligately within white blood cells, rickettsia-like bacteria

A

Ehrlichia

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16
Q

they have prosthecae because of the constant changing flow of water

A

Caulobacter

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17
Q

budding bacteria found in lakes, found growing in laboratory water baths

A

hyphomicrobium

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18
Q

infects the roots of leguminous plants, such as bean, peas, or clover

A

Rhizobium & Bradyrhizobium

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19
Q

insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor-like gall, and used in genetic engineering

A

Agrobacterium

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20
Q

appear swollen and red with round, raised lesions and can have pus

A

Bartonella

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21
Q

cat-scratch disease, mild infection can occur at the site of the scratch or bite

A

Bartonella henselae

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22
Q

small non-motile coccobacilli & obligate parasites of mammals and have the ability to survive phagocytosis

A

Brucella

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23
Q

important element of the body’s defense against bacteria

A

phagocytosis

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24
Q

oxidize nitrogen for energy and fix CO2

A

chemoautotrophic

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25
Q

the most common infectious bacterial genus in the world, it lives on insects and other animals

A

Wolbachia

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26
Q

sperm-egg incompatibility, pathogenesis, cytoplasmic incompatibility, and feminization

A

Pathogenic effect

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27
Q

infected male Aedes aegypti and Zika virus

A

Wolbachia

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28
Q

often uses hydrogen gas, ammonia, and methane and several pathogenic bacteria are found in this group

A

Betaproteobacteria

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29
Q

species and other sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are important in the sulfur cycle

A

Acidithiobacillus

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30
Q

chemoheterotrophic and sheathed bacteria

A

Sphaerotilus

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31
Q

protective and also aid in nutrient accumulation

A

sheathed bacteria

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32
Q

found in freshwater and in sewage

A

Sphaerotilus natans

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33
Q

found mainly in freshwater and motile by polar flagella, distinction from helical spirochetes which use axial filaments

A

Spirillum

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34
Q

used as a demonstration slide when microbiology students are first introduced to the operation of the microscope

A

Spirillum volutans

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35
Q

nosocomial infections; motile by a single polar flagella or tuft of flagella

A

Burkholderia

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36
Q

capable of degrading more than 100 different organic molecules, also a problem for people with genetic lung disease cystic fibrosis

A

Burkholderia cepacia

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37
Q

resident in moist soils and is the cause of a severe disease (melioidosis)

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

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38
Q

non-motile, aerobic, & chemoheterotrophic rods

A

Bordetella

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39
Q

cause of pertussis, or whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

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40
Q

important in the context of aerobic sewage-treatment processes such as the activated sludge system, they form fluffy, slimy masses

A

Zoogloea

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41
Q

usually inhabit the mucous membranes of mammals

A

Neisseria

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42
Q

agent of meningococcal meningitis

A

Neisseria meningitides

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43
Q

gonococcus bacterium, the causative agent of gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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44
Q

the largest subgroup of the proteobacteria & include a great variety of physiological types

A

Gammaproteobacteria

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45
Q

not only the largest known bacteria but also exhibits several unusual characteristics

A

Thiomargarita namibiensis

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46
Q

resembles certain filamentous cyanobacteria but not photosynthetic

A

Beggiatoa

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47
Q

cause tularemia or deerfly fever, grown only on complex media enriched with blood or tissue extracts

A

Francisella tularensis

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48
Q

opportunistic pathogens, metabolically diverse, polar flagella and capable of growth in some antiseptics, such as quaternary ammonium compounds

A

Pseudomonas

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49
Q

produces a soluble, blue-green pigmentation

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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50
Q

plant pathogen

A

Pseudomonas syringae

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51
Q

M. lacunata is implicated in conjunctivitis

A

Moraxella

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52
Q

inflammation of the conjunctiva, membrane that covers the eye and lines the eyelids

A

conjunctivitis

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53
Q

an increasing concern to the medical community, resistant to most available antibiotic

A

Acinetobacter

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54
Q

respiratory pathogen but it also infects skin, soft tissue, and wounds and occasionally invades the bloodstream

A

Acinetobacter baumanii

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55
Q

found in streams, water-pipes, cooling towers

A

Legionella

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56
Q

Legionnaire’s disease (pneumonia-type) & Pontiac fever (flu-like)

A

Legionella pneumophilia

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57
Q

causes Q fever transmitted via aerosols or milk

A

Coxiella burnetii

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58
Q

facultative anaerobic gram-negative rods and found in coastal area

A

Vibrionales

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59
Q

causes cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

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60
Q

causes gastroenteritis, transmitted to humans mostly by raw or undercooked shellfish

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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61
Q

they inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and other animals, active fermenters of glucose and other carbohydrates

A

Enterobacteriales

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62
Q

proteins that cause the lysis of closely related species of bacteria, help maintain the ecological balance of various enterics in the intestines

A

Bacteriocins

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63
Q

urinary tract infections and healthcare-associated infections

A

Enterobacter cloacae & Enterobacter aerogenes

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64
Q

plant pathogens plant soft-rot disease, produce enzyme that hydrolyze the pectin between individual plant cells

A

Erwinia

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65
Q

cause plant cells to separate from each other

A

soft rot

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66
Q

cause urinary tract infections, certain strains produce enterotoxins that cause traveler’s diarrhea

A

Escherichia coli

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67
Q

cause sporadic infections in humans, birds, and calves

A

Escherichia albertii

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68
Q

cause serious form of pneumonia in humans

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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69
Q

this genus of bacteria is implicated in many infections of the urinary tract and in wounds

A

Proteus

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70
Q

inhibit intestinal tracts of many animals, especially poultry and cattle & can contaminate food

A

Salmonella

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71
Q

resident of “cold-blooded” animals, rarely founds in humans

A

Salmonella bongori

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72
Q

infectious to warm-blooded animals

A

Salmonella enterica

73
Q

use to differentiate Salmonella serovars

A

Kauffman-White scheme

74
Q

causes by other S. enterica serovars

A

Salmonellosis

75
Q

production of red pigment, found on catheters, in saline irrigation solutions and other sterile solutions

A

Serratia marcescens

76
Q

bacillary dysentery, or shigellosis, and found only in humans

A

Shigella

77
Q

causes plague, carries by rats and ground squirrels; fleas transmit it among animals and to humans

A

Yersenia pestis

78
Q

facultative anaerobic, motile, and with seven species

A

Cronobacter

79
Q

meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants, widespread in a range of environments and foods

A

Cronobacter sakazakii

80
Q

non-motile, human and animal pathogens

A

Pasteurellales

81
Q

pathogen of domestic animals, causes pneumonia and septicemia

A

Pasteurella

82
Q

transmitted to humans by dog and cat bites

A

Pasteurella multocida

83
Q

inhabit the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract

A

Haemophilus

84
Q

meningitis, earaches, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, bronchitis, and pneumonia

A

Haemophilus influenza

85
Q

sexually transmitted disease chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

86
Q

include some bacteria that are predators on other bacteria, important contributors to the sulfur cycle

A

Deltaproteobacteria

87
Q

prey on other bacteria

A

Bdellovibrio

88
Q

used oxidized forms of sulfur, such as sulfates or elemental sulfur instead of oxygen as final electron acceptor

A

Desulfovibrionales

89
Q

fruiting and gliding bacteria, vegetative cells of the myxobacteria move by gliding and leave behind a slime trail

A

Myxococcales

90
Q

their source of nutrition is the bacteria they encounter, enzymatically lyse and digest

A

Myxococcus xanthus & Myxococcus fulvus

91
Q

macroscopic stalked fruiting body that contains large numbers of resting cells

A

myxospores

92
Q

slender gram-negative rods that are helical or curved, motile by means of flagella and microaerophilic

A

Epsilonproteobacteria

93
Q

microaerophilic vibrio, and each cell has one polar flagella

A

Campylobacter

94
Q

causes spontaneous abortion in domestic animals

A

Campylobacter fetus

95
Q

leading cause of outbreaks of foodborne intestinal disease

A

Campylobacter jejuni

96
Q

Microaerophilic curved rods with multiple flagella

A

Helicobacter

97
Q

most common cause of peptic ulcer in humans

A

Helicobacter pylori

98
Q

once called blue-green algae, carry out photosynthesis

A

Cyanobacteria

99
Q

the oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria

A

Cyanobacteria

100
Q

contain enzyme that fix nitrogen gas into ammonium growing cell

A

Heterocysts

101
Q

smallest known photosynthesizer, most abundant organisms on Earth

A

Prochlorococcus

102
Q

The anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria

A

Phyla Chlorobi and Chlorofelxi

103
Q

green sulfur bacteria

A

Chlorobium

104
Q

green non-sulfur bacteria

A

Cloroflexus

105
Q

purple sulfur bacteria

A

Chromatium

106
Q

coccoid bacteria, grouped with other genetically similar bacteria that do not contain peptidoglycan in their cell wall

A

Chlamydiae

107
Q

infective agent

A

elementary body

108
Q

trachoma, most common cause of blindness in humans

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

109
Q

causative agent of the respiratory disease psittacosis

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

110
Q

cause of a mild form of pneumonia that is especially prevalent in young adults

A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

111
Q

group of gram-negative, budding bacteria, are said to blur the definition of what bacteria are

A

Planctomycetes

112
Q

has a double internal membrane around its DNA, resembling eukaryotic nucleus

A

Gemmata obscuriglobus

113
Q

common members of the human microbiome, especially the gastrointestinal tract

A

Bacteriodetes

114
Q

found in the human mouth

A

Prevotella

115
Q

emerging cause of healthcare-associated infections

A

Elizabethkingia

116
Q

cause of peritonitis, an inflammation resulting from a perforated bowel

A

Bacteroides

117
Q

important in the degradation of cellulose and chitin, which are both abundant in soil

A

Cytophaga

118
Q

often pleomorphic but may be spindle-shaped

A

Fusobacteria

119
Q

found in gingival crevice of the gums and responsible for some dental abscesses

A

Fusobacterium

120
Q

have coiled morphology resembling metal spring

A

Spirochetes

121
Q

cause syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

122
Q

causes Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

123
Q

spread to humans by water contaminated by Leptospira species

A

Leptospira leptospirosis

124
Q

exceptionally resistant to radiation

A

Deinococcus radiodurans

125
Q

a bacterium that is unusually heat stable

A

Thermus aquaticus

126
Q

Low G+C Gram-positive bacteria include important endospore-forming bacteria such as the genera Clostridium and Bacillus

A

Firmicutes

127
Q

Obligate anaerobe; rod-shaped cells contain endospores that usually distend the cell

A

Clostridium

128
Q

Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetant

129
Q

botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

130
Q

gas gangrene and foodborne diarrhea

A

Clostridium perfringens

131
Q

serious diarrhea- antibiotic therapy alters the normal intestinal microbiota, allowing overgrowth by this toxin-producing bacterium

A

Clostridium difficile

132
Q

cigar-shaped can be seen with the unaided eye, name means “guest at the banquet of fish”

A

Epulopiscium

133
Q

rods that produce endospores, several species produce antibiotics, pathogenic to humans

A

Bacillus

134
Q

causes anthrax, a disease of cattle, sheep, and horses that can be transmitted to humans

A

Bacillus anthracis

135
Q

microbial insect pathogen

A

Bacillus thuringiensis

136
Q

cause of food poisoning, especially in starchy foods such as rice

A

Bacillus cereus

137
Q

yellow-pigmented colonies

A

Staphylococcus aureus

138
Q

lactic-acid-producing bacteria, aerotolerant and capable of growth in the presence of oxygen

A

Lactobacillus

139
Q

located in the vagina, intestinal tract, and oral cavity, used commercially in the production of buttermilk, yogurt, pickles

A

Lactobacilli

140
Q

spherical, gram-positive bacteria that typically appear in chains

A

Streptococcus

141
Q

produce a hemolysin that forms a clear zone of hemolysis on blood agar

A

Beta-hemolytic streptococci

142
Q

known as the beta-hemolytic group A, scarlet fever

A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

143
Q

beta-hemolytic group B, neonatal sepsis in newborn

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

144
Q

when grown on blood agar, their colonies are surrounded by a distinctive greening

A

Non-beta-hemolytic or alpha-hemolytic streptococci

145
Q

cause of pneumococcal pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

146
Q

primary cause of dental caries

A

Streptococci mutans

147
Q

adapted to areas to areas of the body that are rich in nutrients but low in oxygen-gastrointestinal tract, vagina, and oral cavity

A

Enterococcus

148
Q

cause infections of surgical wounds and the urinary tract

A

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium

149
Q

can contaminate food, especially dairy products

A

Listeria monocytogenes

150
Q

wall less mycoplasmas

A

Tenericutes

151
Q

highly pleomorphic because they lack a cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

152
Q

cause mild form of pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

153
Q

highly pleomorphic in their morphology

A

Actinobacter

154
Q

aerobic, non-endospore forming rods, acid- fast staining, drug resistance, and pathogenicity

A

Mycobacterium

155
Q

waxy, water-resistant layer

A

mycolic acid

156
Q

causes tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

157
Q

causses leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprosy

158
Q

Two groups of Mycobacterium

A

slow growers and fast or rapid growers

159
Q

tend to be pleomorphic, and their morphology often varies with the age of the cells

A

Corynebacterium

160
Q

causative agent of diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

161
Q

ability to form propionic acid

A

Propionibacterium

162
Q

commonly found in human skin and are implicated as the primary bacterial cause of acne

A

Propionibacterium acnes

163
Q

causes one of the most common forms of vaginitis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

164
Q

causes nitrogen-fixing nodules to form in alder tree roots

A

Frankia

165
Q

produce most of our commercial antibiotics, often produce extracellular enzymes

A

Streptomyces

166
Q

form filaments called hyphae that can fragment, found in the mouth and throats of humans and animals

A

Actinomyces

167
Q

causes actinomycosis, a tissue destroying disease usually affecting the head, neck, and lungs

A

Actinomyces israelii

168
Q

structure of the cell wall resembles mycobacteria, aerobic and common in soil

A

Nocardia

169
Q

cause a chronic, difficult-to-treat pulmonary infection

A

Nocardia asteroides

170
Q

include halophiles, thermophiles, and acidophiles, there no known pathogenic archaea

A

Extremophiles

171
Q

thrive in salt concentrations of more than 25 %

A

Halophiles

172
Q

some of which may even require such salt concentration in order to grow

A

Halobacterium

173
Q

Optimal growth is 80 degrees or higher

A

Thermophilic

174
Q

pH values below 0

A

Acidophilic

175
Q

optimal pH is about 2 and optimal temp is more than 70 degrees

A

Sulfolobus

176
Q

oxidize ammonia for energy

A

Nitrifying archaea

177
Q

strictly anaerobic archaea that produce methane as an end-product by combining hydrogen with carbon dioxide, sewage treatment

A

Methanogens

178
Q

can be used to uncover the presence of bacteria that can’t be cultured in the laboratory

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Microbiology Ni Ma'am K (3 decks)

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