IV Flashcards

1
Q

Nursing interventions for infiltration?

A
Take it out 
Apply warmth 
Elevate 
Measure amount of edema
Document
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2
Q

If a patients IV site is cool, pale and swollen what complication has occurred?

A

Infiltration
-when the IV cannula has broken through or dislodged itself from the vein and the IV fluid is now leaking into surrounding tissue

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3
Q

A pt has an IV insitu and is receiving therapy, how often should the nurse assess patient?

A

Every 1 hr

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4
Q

Nursing interventions for phlebitis?

A
Check to see what is infusing
Turn it off
-alert RN because all of med is possibly now not infused 
Cool compress
Repositioning 
Frequent assessment 
-spread of inflammation
-signs of thrombus 
-any drainage?
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5
Q

A patient is receiving PRBC. The nurse tells the patient to report what immediately?

A
Feeling strange or different 
SOB
Nausea
Itchy 
Pain
Headache 
Feeling warm or chills 
Leaking at site
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6
Q

What should nurse always assess before patient receives blood?

A

Consent
Baseline vitals, LOO, LOC
Dose, type of blood to be infused

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7
Q

Where should you send a blood bag and equipment to if your patient has a transfusion reaction?

A

Transfusion hospital services

Blood bank

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8
Q

Common IV complications?

A
Hematoma
-occurs when there is leakage of blood from vessel into surrounding tissue 
Phlebitis/thrombophlebitis 
Infiltration/extravasation
Local infection
Nerve injury 
-pricking of a nerve during insertion 
Venous spasm 
-spasm on vein 
Septicemia
Air embolism
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9
Q

What is extravasation?

A

Leaking of IV medications into space/tissue around infusion sites

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10
Q

A patients IV site appears to be reddened, warm, painful with slight edema.
What is this a sign of most likely?

A

Phlebitis

-inflammation of the vein

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11
Q

What can cause I local infection around IV site?

A
Poor aseptic technique during initiation 
-poor skin prep, contaminated cannula 
Contaminated blood 
Air contaminations
Pt might have already been septic
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12
Q

Factors to be considered when choosing a vein for venipuncture?

A
Vein condition 
-presence of valves, thrombosis 
Duration of infusion 
Type of infusion
Pt preference 
Presence of pre-existing conditions 
-stroke, fistula 
Age
Skill level
Anticipated surgery?
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13
Q

Considerations when choosing a cannulation device?

A

Condition of vein
Type of therapy
Fast/high volumes need large
Age

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14
Q

Things to document after insertion of a peripheral IV catheter?

A
Gauge of cannula
Location
Number of attempts 
If you were unsuccessful 
-how many times?
Type of dressing
Type of solution
Client response
Any teaching
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15
Q

What is IV fluid therapy?

A

Used when clients are unable to take food and fluids orally

Supply’s fluids directly into the vascular fluid compartment and replaces electrolyte losses

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16
Q

Isotonic solutions?

A

Same osmolarity as body fluids
-remains in vascular compartment

Ex. 0.9% NaCl, NS, lactated ringers

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17
Q

What is D5W?

A

Defined as isotonic but becomes hypotonic when dextrose is metabolized in plasma and then supplies only water

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18
Q

Hypotonic solutions??

A

Lower concentrations than body fluids
Used to provide water and treat dehydration

Ex. 0.45% NaCl, 0.33% NaCl

Fluid moves into cells and makes them bigger

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19
Q

Hypertonic solutions?

A

Greater than normal body fluids

  • draw fluid out of intracellular and interstitial compartments into vascular compartment
  • expands vascular volume

Ex. D5NS, D5LR

Make cells small d/t fluid escaping from cells

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20
Q

Why do we not insert IV into an artery?

A

Not easy to visualize externally

Generally in deep tissue and often protected by muscle

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21
Q

Characteristic of veins?

A
Thin walled vessels with valves 
Do not pulsate 
Usually above muscle and tissue 
Potential to collapse 
Easier to visualize externally
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22
Q

Why does venipuncture pose a risk for thrombus formation?

A

Because it damages the tunica intima

-build up of platelets=potential for thrombus

23
Q

Upper vs lower extremity veins?

A

Upper:
-located on dorsal and central surface

Lower:
-should be avoided d/t the potential of embolism and thrombophlebitis

24
Q

Considerations for peripheral intravenous?

A
Client consent
Purpose 
Duration
Location
Vein condition 

(Short term use)

25
Q

What type of vein do hypertonic solutions need?

A

Require large veins with adequate blood flow to dilute solution
-as well as medications that can irritate vein, rapid infusions, PRBCs,

26
Q

What should you palpate for to determine if vein is good?

A
Spongy 
Straight
No pulse
Long
Full
Rebounds easy
27
Q

How to decide on catheter selection?

A

Smallest gauge and length appropriate for prescribed therapy/usage

Duration of therapy

28
Q

IV insertion prep of patient?

A
Inform client 
Prepare client 
Assess site potential 
Organize equipment 
Prepare site 
-chlorahexadine
29
Q

Catheter sizes for PIV?

A

24-22g-neonates, elderly, fragile veins

20g- most adults for general therapy

18g- blood products, surgery, general IV

16-14g- trauma, life threatening, major surgery

30
Q

Patient education for IV?

A

Limitations on movement or mobility

Notify nurse if site becomes problematic

Routine assessments by nurses necessary

31
Q

Central venous catheter?

A

Long term therapy or receiving therapy damaging to vessels
ex. Chemo

Usually inserted into subclavian or jugular vein, with distal tip of catheter resting in superior vena cava

-allow for movement, but greater risk of complications, thrombosis and infection

32
Q

Peripherally inserted central catheter?

A

Inserted in the basilic or cephalic vein just above or below the antecubital space
-rests in lower portion of vena cava

Used for long term IV therapy

33
Q

Why do we flush a IV catheter?

A

Minimizes risk of infection

Ensures patency

34
Q

Calculating drop rate?

A

Total infusion volume x drop factor
Divided by
Total time in minutes

35
Q

Review orders for IV meds?

A
What time of med
Dosage
Route 
Frequency or time
Special considerations 

Follow rights of med admin

36
Q

Advantages in IV drug admin?

A

Provides several options for med delivery
-bolus, continuous, intermittent
Rapid absorption
Prolonged action
Meds that are irritating can be given with less discomfort
Patient can avoid multiple injections

37
Q

Disadvantages to IV med admin?

A
Cannot take it back or slow it
Requires extra training
Antidote must be available 
Risk of rapid dose infusion
Risk of complications 
-extravasation, chemical phlebitis, fluid overload
38
Q

Drug stability and compatibility?

A

Refers to the length of time that a drug retains its original properties and characteristics

39
Q

Factors that affect stability?

A
pH
Number of additives 
Dilution
Time 
Light exposure 
Temperature 
Type of container
40
Q

What is IV bolus rate determined by?

A

Determined by the amount of medication they can be given per min

41
Q

Research prep for medication?

A
Recommended rate of admin
Recommended concentration
Time frame of stability 
Correct diluent
Necessary assessment
42
Q

What are IV meds?

A

Meds administered through IV that enter bloodstream directly by vein

  • good when rapid effect desired or when meds are to irritating
  • avoids discomfort
43
Q

Adding meds to IV?

A

Injection port
Tandem
-attached to line of IV in secondary port
Piggy back

44
Q

IV push? (Bolus)

A

Admin of an undiluted directly into circulation

-used in emergency or when med cannot be diluted

45
Q

Signs and symptoms of fluid overload?

A
Dyspnea 
Rapid/laboured breathing 
Cough
Crackles in lungs
Bounding pulse
46
Q

Monitoring of IV?

A

Maintain prescribed rate, prevent complications

  • ensuring correct solution
  • flow rate
  • ensure patency of tuning
  • inspection of insertion site
  • assess for bleeding
  • providing instructions
  • document
47
Q

Why change tubing?

A

Maintain sterility, maintain flow (patency), prevent infection.

48
Q

Why do we discontinue IV?

A

Therapy is complete

IV site needs to be changed

49
Q

Chemical vs therapeutic vs physical incompatibility?

A

Chemical:
-changed on a molecular level

Therapeutic:
-undesirable effects in pt

Physical:
-causes visual changes in med

50
Q

A patient is NPO d/t bowel obstruction what type of IV solution should be given to this patient?

A

Short term: isotonic solutions

  • no calories
  • replaces fluid

Long term: hypertonic solutions
-calories

51
Q

Interosseous infusion?

A

Directly into the bone marrow

-non collapsible entry point into venous system

52
Q

Intraperitoneal infusion?

A

Delivery of fluids/drugs directly into the abdominal cavity

53
Q

Venipuncture sites?

A

In adults veins in arm and hand commonly used

  • start distally to work up
  • larger veins preferred over small veins in hand

In infants scalp and foot commonly used