Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood transfusions?

A

Replaces RBCs, WBCs, platelets or blood proteins
-may be d/t hemorrhage, disease, improve body’s O2 carrying capacity, improving clotting time

Can introduce whole blood or blood components into venous circulation
Ex. Plasma, albumin

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2
Q

Purpose of blood transfusions?

A

Increase circulating volume
Increase RBCs to maintain/return hemoglobin level
(O2 carrying capacity)
To provide selected cellular component replacements

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3
Q

Equipment for blood transfusion?

A

Y tubing
18-20 gauge

Use appropriate assigned equipment for blood products

Equipment should be changed after 4 hours of hanging or after 4 units of blood or before administering a different product

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4
Q

Can medications be added to blood?

A

No medications cannot be added to blood or blood products

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5
Q

LPN responsibilities for blood transfusions?

A

Assist RN with verification of patient and blood/blood products
Documentation of verification
Assessment of patient for transfusion reaction
Notifying rn immediately if S&S are noted
Assist with vital signs after the first 15 min of infusion starting (RN does first set)

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6
Q

Acute vs delayed transfusion reactions?

A

Acute: symptoms appear within minutes and up to 24hrs after transfusion

Delayed: symptoms appear 24hrs and months after transfusion

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7
Q

Management of transfusion reactions?

A

Stop transfusion
-disconnect from IV site
-keep vein open with NS and new IV set
Assess patient vitals and symptoms and stabilize pt
-remain with pt
Reconfirm identifiers
-call lab immediately if error has occurred
Notify physician
Follow instructions for management
Initiate transfusion reaction investigation

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8
Q

Transfusion adverse reactions?

A
Hemolytic reaction 
Febrile non-hemolytic reaction
Allergic reaction 
Severe allergic reaction 
Circulatory overload
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9
Q

Hemolytic reaction?

A

ABO incompatibility

-chills, fever, dark urine, vomiting, dyspnea, chest pain, hypotension

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10
Q

Febrile non-hemolytic reaction?

A

Sensitivity to cytokines in the plasma of the transfused blood component

-fever, chills, n/v, hypotension

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11
Q

Allergic reaction?

A

Sensitivity to infused plasma protein
Antibody-antigen reaction

Flushing, hypotension, dyspnea/cough, edema, shock

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12
Q

Circulatory overload?

A

Impaired cardiac function or blood administered faster than can accommodate

-dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, HTN

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13
Q

Whole blood?

A

Hemorrhage

Replaces blood volume and all blood products

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14
Q

PRBCs?

A

Used to increase oxygen carrying capacity

-anemia, surgery, bleeding disorders

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15
Q

Autologous donation?

A

When client donates own blood to be given to themselves

-surgery

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15
Q

Fresh frozen plasma?

A

Expands blood volume and provides clotting factors

16
Q

Albumin and plasma protein fraction?

A

Blood volume expander

Provides plasma proteins

17
Q

Blood type O?

A

Universal donor and can only receive O

18
Q

Rh factor?

A

Blood that contains Rh factor is positive
Blood without Rh factor is negative and does not contain Rh antibodies

Exposure to Rh positive causes hemolytic reactions

19
Q

How to avoid transfusion reactions?

A

Blood typing (determining ABO group) and cross matching (identifies possible interactions)

20
Q

What needs to be verified on blood and pt?

A

ABO and Rh compatibility of the product and recipient
Identifiers on product match those on intended recipient
Product identifiers match accompanying transfusion tag

21
Q

Nursing interventions for circulatory overload?

A

Stop transfusion
Place client in upright position
Notify appropriate team member
Administer diuretics and oxygen as ordered