Blood Flashcards
Blood transfusions?
Replaces RBCs, WBCs, platelets or blood proteins
-may be d/t hemorrhage, disease, improve body’s O2 carrying capacity, improving clotting time
Can introduce whole blood or blood components into venous circulation
Ex. Plasma, albumin
Purpose of blood transfusions?
Increase circulating volume
Increase RBCs to maintain/return hemoglobin level
(O2 carrying capacity)
To provide selected cellular component replacements
Equipment for blood transfusion?
Y tubing
18-20 gauge
Use appropriate assigned equipment for blood products
Equipment should be changed after 4 hours of hanging or after 4 units of blood or before administering a different product
Can medications be added to blood?
No medications cannot be added to blood or blood products
LPN responsibilities for blood transfusions?
Assist RN with verification of patient and blood/blood products
Documentation of verification
Assessment of patient for transfusion reaction
Notifying rn immediately if S&S are noted
Assist with vital signs after the first 15 min of infusion starting (RN does first set)
Acute vs delayed transfusion reactions?
Acute: symptoms appear within minutes and up to 24hrs after transfusion
Delayed: symptoms appear 24hrs and months after transfusion
Management of transfusion reactions?
Stop transfusion
-disconnect from IV site
-keep vein open with NS and new IV set
Assess patient vitals and symptoms and stabilize pt
-remain with pt
Reconfirm identifiers
-call lab immediately if error has occurred
Notify physician
Follow instructions for management
Initiate transfusion reaction investigation
Transfusion adverse reactions?
Hemolytic reaction Febrile non-hemolytic reaction Allergic reaction Severe allergic reaction Circulatory overload
Hemolytic reaction?
ABO incompatibility
-chills, fever, dark urine, vomiting, dyspnea, chest pain, hypotension
Febrile non-hemolytic reaction?
Sensitivity to cytokines in the plasma of the transfused blood component
-fever, chills, n/v, hypotension
Allergic reaction?
Sensitivity to infused plasma protein
Antibody-antigen reaction
Flushing, hypotension, dyspnea/cough, edema, shock
Circulatory overload?
Impaired cardiac function or blood administered faster than can accommodate
-dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, HTN
Whole blood?
Hemorrhage
Replaces blood volume and all blood products
PRBCs?
Used to increase oxygen carrying capacity
-anemia, surgery, bleeding disorders
Autologous donation?
When client donates own blood to be given to themselves
-surgery