ITP + DIC Flashcards
1
Q
How would you manage a child with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?
A
- Easy bruising
- Petechiae
- Ecchymosis
- Epistaxis
- Hematuria
- Hematemesis
- Melena
- Hemarthrosis
- Menorrhagia
- If platelets
2
Q
How would you care for a child with ITP?
A
- Therapeutic management – managed with supportive care. No jumping around, limit their activities. Treated only in significant bleeding ( such as with hemorrhaging)
- Nursing considerations – teach parents to restrict activity if low platelets, seek medical attention if any trauma occurs. Wear head gear, pad crib
3
Q
What can cause epistaxis? (nosebleed)
A
- Isolated and transient epistaxis is common in childhood
- Recurrent or severe episodes may indicate underlying disease
- Vascular abnormalities, leukemia, thrombocytopenia, clotting factor deficiency diseases (von Willebrand and hemophilia)
4
Q
What are some nursing considerations for epistais?
A
- Remain calm, keep child calm
- Have child sit up and lean forward
- Pressure to nose
- Further evaluation if bleeding continues
5
Q
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation?
A
-
Disorder of coagulation that occurs as a complication of other diseases, or pathologic processes:
- Hypoxia
- Acidosis
- Shock
- Endothelial damage
6
Q
What is the pathophysiology of DIC?
A
- Coagulation process is abnormally stimulated - by stress
- Excessive amounts of thrombin are generated (excessive amounts of clots)
- Fibrinolytic mechanisms are activated and cause extensive destruction of clotting factors
7
Q
How would you treat DIC in children?
A
- Platelets (increase more)
- Fresh frozen plasma
- Heparin – to inhibit thrombin formation
**Be aware of the s/s of DIC in the child **
