ITEC54(Sir Jepoy)

Question 1

An array of components designed to accomplish a particular objective according to plan.

Answer 1

System

Question 2

Is a way of understanding an entity in terms of its purpose

Answer 2

System Thinking

Question 3

The three major steps followed in systems thinking

Answer 3

Identify a containing whole (system), of which the thing to be explained is a part.
Explain the behavior or properties of the containing whole.
Explain the behavior or properties of the thing to be explained in terms of its role(s) or function(s) within its containing whole (Ackoff, 1981)

Question 4

Is the combination of inter-related elements to achieve a common objective (s).

Answer 4

System Integration

Question 5

defines its high-level structure, exposing its gross organization as a collection of interacting components.

Answer 5

System Architecture

Question 6

may either be current, suspected, or anticipated.

are undesirable situations that prevent the business from fully achieving its purpose, goals, and objectives (users discovering real problems with existing IS).

Answer 6

Problems

Question 7

is a chance to improve the business even in the absence of specific problems.

Answer 7

Opportunity

Question 8

is a new requirement that is imposed by management, government, or some external influence

Answer 8

Directive

Question 9

are the people involved in or affected by project activities

Answer 9

Stakeholders

Question 10

Focuses on roles and responsibilities,
coordination and control. Organizational
charts help define this frame

Answer 10

Structural Frame

Question 11

Assumes organizations are coalitions
composed of varied individuals and interest
groups. Conflict and power are key issues.

Answer 11

Political Frame

Question 12

Focuses on providing harmony between needs of the organization and needs of people.

Answer 12

Human Resources Frame

Question 13

Focuses on symbols and meanings related to events. Culture is important.

Answer 13

Symbolic Frame

Question 14

4 basic organizational structures

Answer 14

Functional
Project-based
Matrix
Divisional

Question 15

helps define the roles and responsibilities of the members of the department, work group, or organization.

Answer 15

Structure

Question 16

People who do similar tasks, have similar skills and/or jobs in an organization are grouped

• The advantages of this kind of structure include quick decision making because the group members are able to communicate easily with each other.
• can learn from each other easier because they already possess similar skill sets and interests.

Answer 16

Functional Structure

Question 17

the company will coordinate inter-group relationships to create a work team that can readily meet the needs of a certain customer or group of customers.
The division of labor in this kind of structure will ensure greater output of varieties of similar products.

Answer 17

Divisional Structure

Question 18

are more complex in that they group people in two different ways:

• the team members are given more autonomy and expected to take more responsibility for their work.
  This increases the productivity of the team, fosters greater innovation and creativity, and allows managers to cooperatively solve decision-making problems through group interaction.

Answer 18

Matrix Structure

Question 19

the teams are put together based on the number of members needed to produce the product or complete the project.

The numbers of significantly different kinds of tasks are taken into account when structuring a project in this manner, assuring that the right members are chosen to participate in the project.

Answer 19

Project Organization Structure

Question 20

It is a process of collecting and interpreting facts, identifying the problems, and decomposition of a system into its components.

Answer 20

System Analysis

Question 21

It is a process of planning a new business system or replacing an existing system by defining its components or modules to satisfy the specific requirements. Before planning, you need to understand the old system thoroughly and determine how computers can best be used in order to operate efficiently.

Answer 21

Systems Design

Question 22

System Analysis and Design (SAD) mainly focuses on −

Answer 22

Systems
Processes
Technology

Question 23

implies structure and order. It is the arrangement of components that helps to achieve predetermined objectives.

Answer 23

Organization

Question 24

It is defined by the manner in which the components operate with each other.

Answer 24

Interaction

Question 25

means how the components of a system depend on one another. For proper functioning, the components are coordinated and linked together according to a specified plan. The output of one subsystem is the required by other subsystem as input.

Answer 25

Interdependence

Question 26

is concerned with how a system components are connected together. It means that the parts of the system work together within the system even if each part performs a unique function.

Answer 26

Integration

Question 27

It may be real or stated. It is not uncommon for an organization to state an objective and operate to achieve another.

Answer 27

Central Objective

Question 28

is the element of a system that involves the actual transformation of input into output. It is the operational component of a system. It may modify the input either totally or partially, depending on the output specification. As the output specifications change, so does the processing. In some cases, input is also modified to enable the processor for handling the transformation.

Answer 28

Processors

Question 29

guides the system. It is the decision–making subsystem that controls the pattern of activities governing input, processing, and output.

Answer 29

Control

Question 30

provides the control in a dynamic system.

Answer 30

feedback

Question 31

is routine in nature that encourages the performance of the system.

Answer 31

Positive feedback

Question 32

is informational in nature that provides the controller with information for action.

Answer 32

Negative feedback

Question 33

is the “supersystem” within which an organization operates. It is the source of external elements that strike on the system. It determines how a system must function

Answer 33

Environment

Question 34

are the limits that identify its components, processes, and interrelationship when it interfaces with another system. - is crucial in determining the nature of its interface with other systems for successful design.

Answer 34

Boundaries and Interface

Question 35

are tangible entities. We can touch and feel them. - may be static or dynamic in nature.

Answer 35

Physical systems

Question 36

are non-physical entities or conceptual that may be formulas, representation or model of a real system.

Answer 36

Abstract systems

Question 37

must interact with its environment. It receives inputs from and delivers outputs to the outside of the system - For example, an information system which must adapt to the changing environmental conditions.

Answer 37

open system

Question 38

does not interact with its environment. It is isolated from environmental influences. A completely closed system is rare in reality.

Answer 38

closed system

Question 39

responds to the change in the environment in a way to improve their performance and to survive. For example, human beings, animals.

Answer 39

Adaptive System

Question 40

is the system which does not respond to the environment. For example, machines.

Answer 40

Non Adaptive System

Question 41

persists for long time. For example, business policies.

Answer 41

Permanent System

Question 42

is made for specified time and after that they are demolished. For example, A DJ system is set up for a program and it is dissembled after the program.

Answer 42

Temporary System

Question 43

are created by the nature. For example, Solar system, seasonal system.

Answer 43

Natural systems

Question 44

is the man-made system. For example, Rockets, dams, trains.

Answer 44

Manufactured System

Question 45

operates in a predictable manner and the interaction between system components is known with certainty. For example, two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen makes water.

Answer 45

Deterministic system

Question 46

shows uncertain behavior. The exact output is not known. For example, Weather forecasting, mail delivery.

Answer 46

Probabilistic System

Question 47

is made up of people. For example, social clubs, societies.

Answer 47

Social System

Question 48

both human and machines are involved to perform a particular task. For example, Computer programming.

Answer 48

Human-Machine System

Question 49

is where human interference is neglected. All the tasks are performed by the machine. For example, an autonomous robot.

Answer 49

Machine System

Question 50

It is an interconnected set of information resources to manage data for particular organization, under Direct Management Control (DMC). This system includes hardware, software, communication, data, and application for producing information according to the need of an organization.

Answer 50

Man–Made Information Systems

Question 51

It is based on the flow of information in the form of memos, instructions, etc., from top level to lower levels of management.

Answer 51

Formal Information System

Question 52

This is employee based system which solves the day to day work related problems

Answer 52

Informal Information System

Question 53

This system is directly dependent on the computer for managing business applications. For example, automatic library system, railway reservation system, banking system, etc.

Answer 53

Computer Based System

Question 54

is a 2-D chart that shows system elements and their linkages

Answer 54

schematic model

Question 55

shows the orderly flow of the material, energy, and information that hold the system together.

Answer 55

flow system model

Question 56

is used to abstract a real world system in model form.

Answer 56

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT),

Question 57

They represent one pair of relationships such as activity–time or cost–quantity.

Answer 57

Static System Models

Question 58

gives a static picture of an activity-time relationship.

Answer 58

Gantt chart

Question 59

approximates the type of organization or application that analysts deal with. It shows an ongoing, constantly changing status of the system

Answer 59

dynamic model

Question 60

This information is required by topmost management for long range planning policies for next few years. For example, trends in revenues, financial investment, and human resources, and population growth. This type of information is achieved with the aid of Decision Support System (DSS).

Answer 60

Strategic Information

Question 61

This type of Information is required by middle management for short and intermediate range planning which is in terms of months. For example, sales analysis, cash flow projection, and annual financial statements. It is achieved with the aid of Management Information Systems (MIS).

Answer 61

Managerial Information

Question 62

This type of information is required by low management for daily and short term planning to enforce day-to-day operational activities. For example, keeping employee attendance records, overdue purchase orders, and current stocks available. It is achieved with the aid of Data Processing Systems (DPS).

Answer 62

Operational Information