ITEC54 (Sir Anda) Flashcards
1
Q
- they constitute the Link layer, the Internetwork
layer, and the Transport layer respectively. - corresponds strongly to the idea of a
programming interface or library, with the
understanding that a given layer communicates
directly only with the two layers immediately
above and below it.
A
Layers
2
Q
Internet five-layer Model
A
- Application Layer
- Transport Layer
- Internet Layer
- Link Layer
- Physical Layer
3
Q
- the rate at which bits are transmitted
- the speed at which data is transferred within the computer or between a peripheral device and the computer, measured in bytes per second
A
Data Rate
4
Q
is the amount of data moved successfully from one place to another in a given time period, and typically measured in bits per second (bps), as in megabits per second (Mbps) or gigabits per second (Gbps)
A
Throughput
5
Q
refers to the theoretical rate of speed that data on your network can travel, which is probably a speed you won’t see very often.
A
Bandwidth
6
Q
- are modest-buffers of data, transmitted as a unit through some shared of links
- cutting data into small chunks
- is collection of data that can be used by computers which need to communicate with each other, usually part of a network
A
PACKETS
7
Q
contains instructions about the data carried by the packet
A
Header
8
Q
- the actual data
- the only data received by the destination system.
A
Payload
9
Q
sometimes called the footer, typically contains a couple of bits that tell the receiving device that it has reached the end of the packet. It may also have some type of error checking.
A
Trailer
10
Q
- is the arrangement with which computer systems or network devices are connected to each other
- can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial field busses and computer networks
A
Topology
11
Q
- a set of entries in the forwarding tables that cause some packets to circulate endlessly
- is a serious network problem which happens when a data packet is continually routed through the same routers over and over
A
Routing Loops
12
Q
- is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data that it can handle.
- typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections
A
Congestion
13
Q
Causes of Congestion
A
- Too many hosts in broadcast domain
- Broadcast Storm
- Low Bandwidth
- Adding retransmitting hubs
- Multicasting
- Outdated Hardware
- Bad Configuration Management
- Rogue Adapter Broadcast
- Artificial Congestion
14
Q
- is a communication protocol for LAN using same media interfaces (mainly RJ45 or fiber)
- is a local are network access technology. So any cable that enables connection with a system/device, within a LAN, you can name it “ethernet cable” or “network cable”
A
Ethernet
15
Q
- are independent networks but may be linked within a WAN through internet devices such as Routers.
- there is a no difference in network and ethernet cables. Network cables comprises of ethernet and LAN cable.
A
LAN
16
Q
- is the principle communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries
- its routing function enables internetworking, and essentially establishes the internet.
A
Internet Protocol (IP)
17
Q
- provides a global mechanism for addressing and routing, so that packets can actually be delivered from any host to any other host.
A
Internet Protocol (IP)
18
Q
- The entire suite ius commonly reffered to as ____
- originated in the initial network implementation in which it complemented the Internet Protocol (IP)
A
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
19
Q
- is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the internet or a private network.
- is the phonebook of the internet
A
Domain Name System (DNS)
20
Q
- is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network.
- is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
- establishes a barrier between a trusted networks and a untrusted network, such as the internet.
A
Firewall
21
Q
is useful to determine if another machine is accessible
A
ping
22
Q
- is a way of connecting computers together in a local are network or LAN
- it has been the most widely used method if linking computers together in LAN’s since the 1990s
- a system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and to avoid simultaneous transmission by two or more systems
- original was the 1976 paper of metcalfe and boggs.
A
Ethernet
23
Q
- the only active components besides the stations
- originally intended simply to make end to end joins between cable segments
A
repeaters
24
Q
- is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmit it.
- are used to extend transmissions so that the signal can cover longer distances or be received on the other side of an obstruction.
A
Repeater
25
- is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.
- is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer of the OSI model
Switches
26
an aggregation of physical ethernets connected by switches
virual
27
In the telecom world, a repeater might be called a _____
Digital regenerator
28
- a repeater with more than two port was commonly called ___
Hub
29
- reads in and forward an entire packet a unit, and the destination address is consulted to determine to where the packet is forwarded
Bridges/Switches
29
allowed branching and thus much more complex topologies
- is commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. It contains multiple ports
- act as a common connection point for devices in a network
hub
30
- used to transmit to a set of station; streaming video
Ethernet multicast
31
The set of subscriber to a given multicast address
Multicast Group
32
Ethernet packets contain a 32-bit CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Check) error- detecting code to detect bit errors
Errors
33
- also introduced the concept of full-duplex Ethernet: two twisted pairs could be used, one for each direction.
- is limited to paths not involving hubs, that is, to single station-to station links, where a station is either a host or a switch.
- doe snot particularly support links between buildings
100-Mbps(Fast) Ethernet
34
has two or more Ethernet interfaces
switch
35
- are usually used to connect points on a company's internal LAN
- it is also known as a data switch or an ethernet switch.
LAN Switch
36
- blocks the overlap of data packets running through a network by the economical allocation of bandwidth
- delivers the transmitted data packet before directing it to its planned receiver
LAN Switch
37
- reduce network congestion or bottlenecks by distributing a package of data only to its intended recipient
- creates a series of instant networks that contain only the two devices communicating with each other at that particular moment
LAN Switch
38
- are frequently used in home networks, small companies and businesses.
- it permits devices on the network to connect with each other, such as computer or printer to computer in one location
Unmanage Switch
39
- does not necessarily need to be configured or watched.
- it is simple and easy to set up. If you want to add more ethernet ports, you can use these plug and play types of switches in networking.
Unmanage Switch
40
they can be customized to enhance the functionality of a certain network.
- They offer some features like QoS (Quality of Service), Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and so on.
Manage Switch
41
- is a network switch that utilizes Power over Ethernet technology.
- can support power and data transmission over one network cable at the same time.
PoE Switch
42
provide a way to simplify and increase the availability of the network.
Stackable Switch
43
it supports creation of virtual links that join far-flung nodes via the internet
- is any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in computer network
Virtual Lan
44
- gives you online privacy and anonymity by creating a private network from a public internet connection
- is a private network that encrypts and transmits data while it travels from one place to another on the internet.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
45
is the process of encrypting data and keeping it separate from other traffic on the internet
Tunneling
46
- is a network architecture approach that enables the network to intelligently and centrally controlled, or 'programmed', using software applications
- this helps operators manage the entire network consistently and holistically, regardless of the underlying network technology.
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
47
is a leased line point-to-point link between two sites, where the subscriber interface at each end of the line looks like ethernet.
- is a marketing term for extensions to Ethernet to enable telecommunications network providers to provide Ethernet services to customers and to utilize Ethernet technology in their networks.
Carrier Ethernet
48
- is a communication protocol in a local area network (LAN) where all stations are connected in a ring topology and pass one or more tokens for channel acquisition
- is a computer networking technology used to build LAN
- it uses special 3-bytes frame called a token
Token Ring
49
- is a means of transporting data over a packet-switched network
- is a logical path between nodes in a network
Virtual Circuits
50
Types of Virtual Circuits
Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC)
Switched Virtual Circuits (SVC)
51
are set up manually by the communication management station
- are always on and are generally used for high-speed connectivity
Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC)
52
are set up automatically when a communication session is established
-used in WAN
-freed up
Switched Virtual Circuits (SVC)
53
is a network mechanism intended to accommodate real-time traffic as well as bulk data transfer
- is a telecommunications standard defined by ANSI and ITU
- splits the data
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
54
uses a radio frequency signal instead of wires to connect your devices
- is the name of a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves
WIFI (Wireless Fidelity)
55
is to broadcast a wireless signal that computers can detect and "tune" into.
Access Pont (AP)
56
the organization that owns the WI-FI
WIFI Alliance
57
original name is WirelessMAN (for metropolitan are network)
- is a family of wireless broadband communication standards
- uses spectrum
- used to provide internet services such as mobile data and hotspots
WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
58
- ITU approved 4G
- more of a successor to current mobile 3G standards than WiMax
LTE (Long Term Evolution)
59
is the operation of wireless communication devices or systems used to connect two fixed locations
- uses radio waves transmitted by a cell tower to bring you your internet connection
Fixed Wireless
60
involves direct (nonsatellite) radio communication between subscribers and a central access point
-Access point are usually tower-mounted and serve multiple subscribers, though single-subscriber point-to-point "microwave links" also exist
Terrestrial Wireless
61
- is the ability to transmit and receive data from a relatively small satellite dish on Earth
- satellite dish
- a wireless connection that involves 3 satellite dishes
Satellite Internet
62
