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Prelims (3rd Yr - 1st sem) > ITEC 48 (Sir Noel) > Flashcards

ITEC 48 (Sir Noel) Flashcards

1
Q

is a collection of
data stored in a format that can
easily be accessed.

A

database

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2
Q

is a collection of
programs which enables its users
to access database, manipulate
data, reporting and representation
of data.

It also helps to control access to
the database.

A

Database Management System
(DBMS)

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3
Q

defines the
logical design and structure of a
database and defines how data
will be stored, accessed and
updated in a database
management system.

A

Database model

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4
Q

four common types of
database model

A
  1. Hierarchical Model
  2. Network Model
  3. Entity-relationship Model
  4. Relational Model
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5
Q

data is organized
into tree-like structure with one
one-to-many relationship between two
different types of data, for example, one
department can have many courses, many
professors and of-course many students

A

Hierarchical Model

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6
Q

An extension of the Hierarchical
model. In this model data is
organized more like a graph, and
are allowed to have more than one
parent node.
In this database model data is more
related as more relationships are
established in this database model.

A

Network Model

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7
Q

In this database model,
relationships are created by
dividing object of interest into
entity and its characteristics into
attributes.
This model is good to design a
database, which can then be
turned into tables in relational
model.

A

Entity-relationship Model

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8
Q

are defined to represent
the relationships into pictorial form
to make it easier for different
stakeholders to understand.

A

ER Model

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9
Q

In this model, data is
organized in two-dimensional
tables and the relationship is
maintained by storing a common
field.
This model was introduced by E.F
Codd in 1970, and since then it has
been the most widely used database
model, in fact, we can say the only
database model used around the
world.

A

Relational Model

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10
Q

is the
skeleton structure that
represents the logical view of
the entire database.
It defines how the data is organized
and how the relations among them
are associated.

It formulates all the constraints that
are to be applied on the data.

A

Data Schema

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11
Q

A database schema can be divided
broadly into two categories –

A

PHYSICAL DATABASE
SCHEMA

LOGICAL DATABASE
SCHEMA

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12
Q

This schema pertains to the actual
storage of data and its form of storage
like files, indices, etc. It defines how
the data will be stored in a secondary
storage.

A

PHYSICAL DATABASE SCHEMA

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13
Q

This schema defines
all the logical constraints that need
to be applied on the data stored. It
defines tables, views, and integrity
constraints.

A

LOGICAL DATABASE
SCHEMA

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14
Q

is a
database management system
(DBMS) that is based on the
relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd.

A

RDBMS

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15
Q

a collection of related
data entries and it consists of
numerous columns and rows.

A

TABLES

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16
Q

is a column in a table that is
designed to maintain specific
information about every record in
the table.

A

field

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17
Q

is also called as a row
of data is each individual entry
that exists in a table.
a horizontal entity in a table.

A

record

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18
Q

is a vertical entity in
a table that contains all
information associated with a
specific field in a table.

A

column

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19
Q

is an upcoming category of Database
Management Systems. Its main characteristic is its
non-adherence to Relational Database Concepts.
is non-relational databases that
scale-out better than relational
databases and are designed with
web applications in mind.

A

NoSQL “Not Only SQL”

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20
Q

is a computer
language for storing,
manipulating and retrieving data
stored in a relational database.
is the standard language
for Relational Database System.

A

SQK

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21
Q

is known as the
father of relational databases. He
described a relational model for databases

A

1970 − Dr. Edgar F. “Ted”
Codd

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22
Q

Structured Query
Language appeared.

A

1974

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23
Q

IBM worked to develop
Codd’s ideas and released a product
named System/R.

A

1978

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24
Q

IBM developed the first
prototype of relational database and
standardized by ANSI. The first
relational database was released by
Relational Software which later came
to be known as Oracle.

A

1986

25
Q

SQL PROCESS

There are various components included in
this process. These components are –

A
  1. Query Dispatcher
  2. Optimization Engines
  3. Classic Query Engine
  4. SQL Query Engine, etc.
26
Q

actually consists of
the SQL commands that can
be used to define the database schema.

It simply deals with descriptions
of the database schema and is
used to create and modify the
structure of database objects in
the database.

A

DDL or Data Definition
Language

27
Q

Creates a new table, a view of a
table, or other object in the database.

A

CREATE

28
Q

Modifies an existing database
object, such as a table.

A

ALTER

29
Q

Deletes an entire table, a view of a
table or other objects in the database.

A

DROP

30
Q

Retrieves certain
records from one or more tables

A

SELECT -

31
Q

Creates a record.

A

INSERT

32
Q

Modifies records.

A

UPDATE

33
Q

includes commands such as
GRANT and REVOKE which
mainly deals with the rights,
permissions and other controls of
the database system.

A

DCL (DATA CONTROL
LANGUAGE)

34
Q

Gives a privilege to
user.

A

GRANT

35
Q

Takes back
privileges granted from user.

A

REVOKE

36
Q

deals with the
transaction within the
database.

A

tcl (TRANSACTION
CONTROL LANGUAGE)

37
Q

is an attribute
that specifies the type of data of
any object.

A

SQL Data Type

38
Q

are the rules enforced on
data columns on a table. These are
used to limit the type of data that
can go into a table. This ensures the
accuracy and reliability of the data
in the database.

A

constraints

39
Q

There are no
duplicate rows in a table.

A

Entity Integrity

40
Q

Enforces valid
entries for a given column by
restricting the type, the format, or the
range of values.

A

Domain Integrity

41
Q

Rows cannot
be deleted, which are used by other
records.

A

Referential integrity

42
Q

Enforces
some specific business rules that do
not fall into entity, domain or
referential integrity.

A

User-Defined Integrity

43
Q

is the keyword
telling the database system what you
want to do. In this case, you want to
create a new table.

A

CREATE TABLE

44
Q

is used to remove a
table definition and all the data,
indexes, triggers, constraints and
permission specifications for that
table.

A

SQL DROP TABLE

45
Q

The SQL commands that deals
with the manipulation of data
present in the database

A

DML or Data Manipulation Language

46
Q

Example of DML Commands

A

SELECT

INSERT

UPDATE

DELETE

47
Q

are sets of instruction
written in a language that can be
understood by the database
system.

A

Queries

48
Q

Queries have (3) three basic
parts.

A
  1. Action
  2. Location
  3. Restrictions
49
Q

What the purpose of the query
is.

A

Action

50
Q

Which table or tables the action
will be performed on

A

Location

51
Q

What columns rows and data
will be affected

A

WHERE

52
Q

is used to fetch the data from a
database table which returns this
data in the form of a result table.

A

SQL SELECT statement

53
Q

The result tables are called

A

result-sets.

54
Q

– specifies the columns
to be displayed

A

SELECT Clause

55
Q
  • specifies the table
    containing the columns that are listed in
    the SELECT Clause
A

FROM Clause

56
Q

is used to specify a condition
while fetching the data from a
single table or by joining with
multiple tables.

A

SQL WHERE clause

57
Q

In SQL, three commands can be
used to modify the database:

A

INSERT, DELETE, and
UPDATE.

58
Q

is used to add new
rows of data to a table in the
database.

A

SQL INSERT INTO
Statement

59
Q

is
used to modify the existing
records in a table.

A

SQL UPDATE Query

Prelims (3rd Yr - 1st sem) (4 decks)

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