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Italy - Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the name of the Italian murdered on the border between Greece and Albania?

A

Enrico Tellini

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2
Q

What were the demands of Mussolini towards the Greek for the murder?

A
  • Honor Italian flag at a funeral service
  • Pay Italy a penalty of 50 million lire
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3
Q

What ended the Italian occupation of Corfu on 27th September 1923?

A

The British navy

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4
Q

Which poet and war hero led the occupation of Fiume?

A

Gabrielle D’Annuzzio

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5
Q

What did Italy have to recognize in return for control of Fiume?

A

Yugoslavian control of Susak

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6
Q

What did Italy gain from being involved at the Locarno Treaty negotiations?

A

Opportunity to be seen alongside ‘great powers’ of Europe

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7
Q

True or False? The Locarno Pact negotiation involved a mixture of success and failure for Mussolini’s foreign policy.

A

True

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8
Q

True or False? Italy held long-term territorial ambitions in South East Europe

A

True

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9
Q
  1. What was the name of the man that Italy backed to become President in January 1925?
  2. Who did he later become known as in 1928?
A
  1. Ahmet Zogu

2.King Zog I

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10
Q

Who did Italy provide funding to, to assassinate which king in 1934?

A

Croatian terrorists, Yugoslavian King Alexander

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11
Q

In which year did Italy invade Libya?

A

1911

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12
Q

Approximately what proportion of the Libyan population were either killed or starved to death in the Pacification of Libya?

A

1/3

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13
Q

True or False? The victory over the Libyan rebellion was kept out of the press in 1932.

A

True

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14
Q

What were the main motives for the invasion of Abyssinia?

A
  • Help economy
  • Link to the idea of autarky
  • Movement of southern peasants to new land
  • Radicalization- shows fascist militaristic ideals
  • Cult on Il Duce
  • Build Italy as a Great Power
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15
Q

In what month and year did Italy invade Abyssinia?

A

October, 1935

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16
Q

How many Italians settled in Abyssinia?

A

400,000

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17
Q

How many Abyssinians were killed using chemical warfare?

A

500,000

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18
Q

After the Abyssinian invasion, the national budget deficit of Italy increased from 2.5 billion lire to how much?

A

16 billion lire

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19
Q

What was the name of the campaign led by Queen Elena that involved women in Italy donating their wedding rings to help fun the invasion of Abyssinia?

A

‘Gold for the Patria’

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20
Q

True or False? Allied invasion of Libya was at first prevented by German military intervention.

A

True

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21
Q

True or False? The Italian navy and air force coordinated their attacks well, to have some success in the Mediterranean.

A

False

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22
Q

True or False? Mussolini was grateful for German invasion into the Bulkans.

A

False

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23
Q

True or False? Italy remained an independent force, without help from German allies, in Greece.

A

False

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24
Q
  1. How many Italians listened to Mussolini’s public radio broadcast proclaiming Italy had gained its empire?

2 When was this?

A
  1. 20 million Italians
  2. 9th May
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25
What are positive consequences of the invasion of Abyssinia?
- Mussolini's leadership- stood up to the League of Nations - Invasion was blessed by the church - Peak of Mussolini's popularity
26
What are negative consequences of the invasion of Abyssinia?
- Debt increase - Illegal use of chemical weapons- loss of relationship with Britain + France - Only 130,000 ever settled in Abyssinia
27
What does "Spazio vitale" mean?
Living space
28
When did Italian troops enter the Spanish Civil War?
September 1936
29
Who was the Spanish Civil War leader who the Italian's backed?
Franco
30
What were 3 motivations for Mussolini for entering the Spanish Civil War?
1. Stop communism spreading in Europe 2. Gain naval bases in the Balearic Islands 3. Gain another fascist ally
31
How many troops did Mussolini commit to the Spanish Civil War?
50,000 troops
32
1. What was the pact between Britain + France in 1935 2. What was agreed under this pact?
1. Hoare-laval Pact 2. Italy would receive 2/3 of Abyssinia when fighting ceased
33
What did Italy do in the early summer of 1938 which angered the British?
Sunk neutral boats while attacking the Spanish in the Medittereanean
34
What did Britain and Italian governments sign in January 1937?
The Gentlemen's Agreement
35
When did Britain recognise Italian rule of Abyssinia
1938
36
What was the Rome - Berlin Axis? and when was it signed?
An informal agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, October 25th 1936
37
From 1940 onwards what happened to Italian exports?
In an attempt to achieve autarky, they decreased but started to rely on Germany for products they needed
38
1. When did Mussolini visit Berlin? 2. How many people came out to hear his proclamation of Nazi and fascist ideologies?
1. September 1937 2. 800,000
39
What was the name of the pact signed between Italy, Germany and Japan, when was this?
Anti-Comintern Pact, November 1937
40
Who was the Anti Comintern Pact signed against?
Aggression from the Soviet Union
41
When did Mussolini withdraw Italy from the League of Nations?
December 1937
42
When did Hitler cross the border into Austria to begin the process of Anschluss?
March 1938
43
How did Mussolini react to Hitler attempting Anschluss in comparison to the past?
Made no attempt to stop Hitler unlike before
44
When do historians argue that Italy began to lose its independence and become a German satellite state?
After the Anschluss
45
Between 1935 and 1939, what percentage of tax was being spent on the military?
80% of tax
46
What negative impact was the quest for autarky having on consumer goods?
- State deficit - Squeezed middle class incomes - Consumer goods became more expensive
47
How many workers were aimed to be transferred to Germany by 1945?
500,000 Italian workers
48
Was the policy to transfer Italian workers to Germany popular or unpopular with the workers and why?
Unpopular, treated badly by the Germans, condescending attitude
49
How as Mussolini's image as a leader becoming weaker by this time?
His policies were contradicting his speeches. Policies made him look weak compared to Hitler
50
Evidence to show that Mussolini wasn't loosing power?
Still personally popular
51
What were weaknesses of the Italian army in 1939?
Weaknesses during the invasion of Albania: - Troops unorganised - Used weapons never trained with - Poor co-ordination with army, navy and air-force
52
When was the Pact of Steel signed?
22nd May 1939
53
What did article 2 state in the Pact of Steel?
Committed Italy to support Germany if GERMANY chose to go to war
54
When had Ciano told Germany that Italy would be ready for war?
1943
55
What happened on the 11th August 1939
Ciano was told by Ribbentrop and Hitler that Germany planned to attack Poland
56
What was signed on the 23rd of August 1939?
Nazi-Soviet Pact
57
What did the Nazi-Soviet Pact state?
Non-aggression pact between Germany + USSR and divided Poland in half
58
Why did Mussolini personally struggle with the idea of Italy staying neautral?
- Link between fascism and militarism - Fascism has to be born on the battlefield - Stayed neutral in WW1, mindful of not letting down allies again
59
What phrase did Mussolini use instead of neutral?
Non-Belligerent
60
When did Mussolini present Hitler with a list of demands that Italy needed if they were to ender the war?
26th August 1939
61
What were three of the demands Mussolini presented to Hitler to be able to enter the war?
1. 170 million tonnes of goods 2. Includes: 6 million tonnes of coal, 2 million tonnes of steel 4. 150 anti-aircraft batteries with ammunition
62
What happened on the 27th of August 1939?
Hitler released Mussolini from his obligation to the Pact of Steel
63
When did Germany first invade Poland?
1st September 1939
64
What happened on the 3rd September 1939?
Great Britain and France declare war on Germany
65
Who were two people who advised Mussolini to avoid getting involved in WW2?
1. Franco (Spain) 2. Oliveria Salazar (Portugal)
66
What had Germany achieved in the war by May 1940?
Conquered Holland, Belgium and advancing into France

History (4 decks)

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