Italy - Problems facing Italy by 1911

Question 1

Economy

Industry was ……. and ………. due to lack of …..,…… & ……

Answer 1

Industry was limited and localised due to lack of resources and poor transport and communications

Question 2

Economy

A series of …………. in southern Italy damaged the economy and led to anger amongst the people at the lack of …..provided by the government.

Answer 2

• natural disasters
• aid

Question 3

Economy

In 1910 northern Italy had …% of the nation’s wealth whereas southern Italy had …% of the national wealth.

Answer 3

• 48%
• 27%

Question 4

Economy

There was significant economic ……. despite problems.
For example, Industrial production …… 1899-1910.

Answer 4

There was significant economic growth despite problems.
For example, Industrial production doubled 1899-1910.

Question 5

Economy

Economic growth was limited to the ….. of Italy whilst the …….. remained poorer. In 1911 Milan Genoa and Turin accounted for ….% of industrial income.

Answer 5

Economic growth was limited to the north of Italy whilst the south remained poorer.
In 1911 Milan Genoa and Turin accounted for 55% of industrial income.

Question 6

Economy

Attempts to improve the economy in the south of Italy only served to ……….. industry in the south, partly due to…………

Answer 6

Attempts to improve the economy in the south of Italy only served to damage industry in the south, partly due to southern Italian landowners wanting to protect their own interests.

Question 7

Economy

Italy’s economy was largely dependent on …………

Answer 7

agriculture

Question 8

Economy

Italy’s economy was largely dependent on agriculture:
In the north more what crops were being produced by 1910 and the Po valley in he North was very ………
In the south, items like oil, wine and citrus fruits were produced although land was less fertile due to ………….

Answer 8

• fertile
• deforestation

Question 9

Economy

After the 1890s about ………. Italians (mainly from the south) emigrated each year - this was seen as a disaster as…..

Answer 9

• 200,000
• their skills could have been used to strengthen the economy

Question 10

Politics

Limited …… - not until ….. that the vote was extended to most adult men
Many Italians felt ……. from the political system

Answer 10

Limited franchise - not until 1912 that the vote was extended to most adult men
Many Italians felt alienated from the political system

Question 11

Politics

Radicals and Republicans were seen as a threat by the Liberals because of their….

Answer 11

• base in the north of Italy
• & desire to overhaul the political system

Question 12

Politics

After 1912 the Liberals faced growing competition as…

Answer 12

• they only represented the professional classes not the bulk of the population

Question 13

Politics

Nationalism began to grow as a response to the….

Answer 13

• the growth of socialism and disillusionment with the Liberal government

Question 14

Politics

What was Trasformismo

Answer 14

• Political parties were so weak that factions were formed to make coalitions - this was known as Trasformismo - led to instability as they easily fell apart

Question 15

Politics

There were … different governments between 1870 and 1915

Answer 15

• 20

Question 16

Politics

The socialists often …………….. against ………. governments whom they viewed as the party of the elite.

Answer 16

• formed coalitions of opposition
• Liberal

Question 17

Politics

What led to political agitation in agriculture

Answer 17

• Modernisation in agriculture in the north of Italy increased social divisions in rural areas as labourers were often sacked
• This led to political agitation

Question 18

Politics

Give one way that was used to achieve national identity & unity

Answer 18

Gaining colonies
but early Italian attempts at colonisation were disastrous
e.g Italy’s defeat at the Battle of Adowa in Abyssinia 1896 was a humiliation.

Question 19

Politics

Describe the corruption of MPs

Answer 19

• MPs were known as Deputies and often served local interests rather than national ones
• This meant they often switched political allegiance and were open to bribes

Question 20

Religious

How did Catholicism pose an issue

Answer 20

• The Catholic Church was hostile to the new unified Ital
• A significant amount of land was taken from the Church (the papal states and so most Catholic politicians withdrew from political life, paving the way for Liberal Italy to dominate Only in 1913 was an alliance formed between Catholics and Liberals

Question 21

Social

What illness was there

Answer 21

• Poverty was increasing leading to diseases like cholera and typhus, especially in the south
• The main killers here were TB and malaria

Question 22

Social

What were the impacts of increased immigration

Answer 22

• Increased migration led to overcrowding in cities and high infant mortality rates (around 40% of all registered deaths in Italy were under five years old)

Question 23

Social

More than ….% of Italians were illiterate in 1870

Answer 23

69%