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Italy (Lombardia) Flashcards

1
Q

Franciacorta is located on the southern shores of what lake which moderates the Lombardian climate?

A

Lago d’Iseo/Lake Iseo

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2
Q

What is the name of the major plain that is part of the Po Valley that much of Lombardia is located on?

A

Padana Plain

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3
Q

What hills mark the southern flank of Franciacorta?

A

Orfano Hills

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4
Q

How do the soils of the Padana Plain differ from those on the other side of the Orfano Hills near Franciacorta? How do the soils of Franciacorta contribute to quality wine there?

A

The Padana Hills are defined by fertile, richer more alluvial soils with heavier clays while the hills on the other side of the Orfano hills are silty, pebbly, and glacial.

The glacial soils slow ripening and allow Pinot Nero and Chardonnay to develop more complex aromas and flavors while maintaining acidity.

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5
Q

What are the most common grapes used for Franciacorta production? Of these, what’s the most used?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Nero (Pinot Noir), and Pinot Bianco.

Chardonnay is the most used.

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6
Q

What is the maximum amount of Pinot Bianco for all three styles of Franciacorta?

A

Max 50%

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7
Q

What’s the minimum percentage of Pinot Nero required for Franciacorta Rosé?

A

Min 25%

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8
Q

What are three of the top producers in Franciacorta?

A

Ca’ del Bosco
Bellavista
Giovanni Cavalleri

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9
Q

Is Charmat permitted in Franciacorta?

A

No. Only metodo classico wines are made here.

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10
Q

What are the designations for sweetness levels used for Franciacorta? What are the g/L ranges for each?

A

Same as in Champagne and the rest of France

Dosaggio Zero (0-3g/L)
Extra Brut (0-6g/L)
Brut (0-12g/L)
Extra Dry (12-17g/L)
Sec (17-32g/L)
Demi-Sec (33-50g/L)
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11
Q

What level of sweetness must Franciacorta Satèn be produced in?

A

Brut only

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12
Q

What levels of sweetness are permitted for Franciacorta Millesimato? Franciacorta Riserva?

A 
Franciacorta Millesimato (Dosaggio Zero-Extra Dry)
Franciacrota Riserva (Dosaggio Zero-Brut)
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13
Q

What levels of sweetness are permitted for basic Franciacorta and Franciacorta Rosé?

A

Dosaggio Zero-Demi Sec

Dosaggio Zero
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Dry
Sec
Demi-Sec
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14
Q

What is the maximum RS prior to tirage for Franciacorta Satèn? Maximum pressure in bottle after fermentation?

A

20g/L

5atm max

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15
Q

What province is Franciacorta produced in?

A

Brescia

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16
Q

Is Franciacorta permitted to be produced as doux?

A

No. Not allowed on the label

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17
Q

T/F Franciacorta Satèn may be made using red grapes? What are the grapes permitted?

A

False, Only white grapes permitted

Chardonnay with a max of 50% Pinot Bianco

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18
Q

What are the two alternative names for dosaggio zero that are commonly used in Franciacorta?

A

Pas Dosé and Pas Operé

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19
Q

What are the aging requirements for NV Franciacorta, Franciacorta Millesimato, Franciacorta Riserva? List time on lees and total aging prior to release.

A

NV Franciacorta: 18 months on lees (25 months total from harvest date)

Millesimato: 30 months on lees (37 months total from harvest date)

Riserva: 60 months on lees (67 months total from harvest date)

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20
Q

Aging requirements for Franciacorta Satèn and Franciacorta Rosé are the same but different than the rest of the styles. What are they? Are they permitted for Millesimato or Riserva?

A

24 months on lees (31 months total from harvest date)

Permitted for both Millesimato and Riserva

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21
Q

Franciacorta may not start the secondary fermentation in bottle/tirage before what date?

A

February 1 of the year following harvest

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22
Q

Is the word “spumante” permitted on labels of Franciacorta?

A

No, because the consorzio claim the word suggests cheap, off-dry sparklers.

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23
Q

Maurizio Zanella is associated with what winery?

A

Ca’ del Bosco

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24
Q

The hills for Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico are at the base of what mountains?

A

Apennines

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25
What is the minimum percentage of Pinot Nero required in Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG and OPMC Rosé? Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico Pinot Nero and OPMC PN Rosé?
Min 70% for OPMC and OPMC Rosé | Min 85% for OPMC Pinot Nero/OPMC Pinto Nero Rosé
26
What other three grapes combine with Pinot Nero in Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico wines? What are the permitted percentages?
Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, and Pinot Bianco max 30% for OPMC/OPMC Rosé max 15% for OPMCPN/OPMCPN Rosé
27
Tenuta Il Bosco makes wine under what DOCG? Who owns it?
Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico Owned by Veneto-based Zonin group
28
How many DOCs exist in Lombardia almost exclusively for dry white wines? Where are a majority located?
9 Along the western shores of Lake Garda
29
The wines of Lugana are produced in both Lombardia and Veneto. What is the start white grape here? What is it's synonym in Soave and what other white grape is it synonymous with in Marche?
Trebbiano di Lugana/Turbiana (Trebbiano di Soave) Synonymous with Verdicciho
30
Who is the top producer in Lugana DOC?
Ca' dei Frati
31
What is the dominant soil type of most of Lugana DOC? Climate and aspect?
heavy, fertile soils hot and flat
32
Who makes "I Frati"? DOC? Grapes?
Ca' dei Frati Lugana DOC 100% Turbiana/Trebbiano di Lugana
33
Who makes "San Benedetto"? DOC? Grapes? Vineyard?
Zenato (based in Veneto) Lugana DOC 100% Trebbiano di Lugana from old vines in the Podere Massoni vineyard.
34
Chardonnay produced in the Franciacorta area is comparable to Chardonnay from what new world region? What DOC is it labeled under?
Chardonnay from California Curtefranca DOC (Terre di Franciacorta until 2008)
35
Still wines from Franciacorta were labeled under what DOC until 2008? What are they named now?
Terre di Franciacorta DOC until '08 Curtefranca DOC now
36
When was Curtefranca DOC (Terre di Franciacorta DOC at the time) created?
1995
37
What is the min % of Chardonnay required in Curtefranca DOC? What other two grapes are blended in?
min 50% Chardonnay Pinot Nero and Pinot Bianco are blended in
38
Curtefranca DOC rosso is a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cab Franc and/or Carmenère combined with max 15% other grapes for Lombardia. What is the min % of Cab required? Merlot? Cab Franc and/or Carmenère?
Cab (min 10%, max 35%) Merlot (min 25%) Cab Franc and/or Carmenère (min 20%)
39
What two Italian grapes are most commonly blended with the required Bordeaux varietals in Curtefranca DOC?
Nebbiolo and Barbera
40
Which is more common in Curtefranca DOC whites, stainless steel whites or whites that have seen fermentation and/or aging in barriques?
Barriques
41
What are two producers making quality Curtefanca DOC white wines?
Ca' del Bosco | Bellavista
42
What German grape is showing promise in the Oltrepò Pavese DOC for quality white wine? Who are three top producers of it? What style in regards to sweetness is it most commonly produced in?
Riesling Martilde Ca' di Frara Bruno Verdi bone-dry
43
Who makes "Uccellanda"? What is the grape? What is the DOC?
Bellavista 100% Chardonnay Curtefranca DOC
44
What are the two principal centers for red wine production in Lombardia?
Oltrepò Pavese, in the southwest and the Valtellina in the north
45
Who makes "Maurizio Zanella"? What is the DOC? Grapes?
Ca' del Bosco Curtefranca DOC Barrique-aged Bordeaux blend of Cab (50%), Cab Franc and Merlot (both 25%)
46
Who makes "Pinero"? DOC? Grape?
Ca' del Bosco Curtefranca Pinot Nero
47
Why do red wines from Curtefranca DOC often have a vegetal leafy note?
The area is so cool that often the Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc don't reach full maturity.
48
What DOC region is considered one of the first if not the first to plant Pinot Nero in Italy?
Oltrepò Pavese
49
Traditionally, who has bought most of the Pinot Nero in Lombardia in bulk and for what purpose?
Large wineries in Piedmont for the purpose of using it in spumante wines
50
Bonarda in Lombardia is actually what grape?
Croatina
51
What does Oltrepò Pavese translate to?
The other side of the Po from Pavia
52
Between what two states is Oltrepò Pavese located? What mountains is the region nearest?
Between the southeastern of Piedmont and the northwestern Emilia-Romagna Nearest to the Apennines
53
What is sfuso?
tap wine or bulk wines that are quaffed
54
Who is making quality Barbera in Oltrepò Pavese?
Martilde | Bruno Verdi
55
Who's making the finest examples of Bonarda (Croatina) in Lombardia?
``` Tenuta Il Bosco Martilde Bruno Verdi Le Fracce Vercesi dei Castellazzo ```
56
What are the two official subzones of Oltrepò Pavese DOC? What styles are these wines made in?
Buttafuoco (Sparks) Sangue di Giuda (Blood of Judas) dry, semi-sweet, sweet, and often frizzante
57
Oltrepò Pavese bianco blends are based on what grapes?
Riesling Renano (Riesling) and/or Riesling Italico (Welschriesling)
58
Oltrepò Pavese rosso blends are based on what grapes?
Barbera and Bondarda (Croatina) blended with Uva Rara, Pinot Nero, and Ughetta (Vespolina)
59
What is the synonym for Vespolina in Oltrepò Pavese DOC?
Ughetta
60
What red grape is produced varietally in Oltrepò Pavese DOC and is considered the future of the region? What styles is it produced in?
Pinot Nero Rosso/rosato
61
The vineyards of Valtellina are located on the north banks of what river?
Adda River
62
What is the synonym for Nebbiolo in Valtellina?
Chiavennasca
63
Where are the best Chiavennasca (Nebbiolo) vines planted in Valtellina?
Steep, rocky, terraced vineyards at altitudes of up to 2,000 feet north of the Adda River
64
What direction do the vineyards of Valtellina face?
Full south along an east-west valley
65
What is the IGT of Valtellina?
Terrazze Retiche di Sondrio IGT
66
What is the min% of Chiavennasca (Nebbiolo) required in Valtellina Rosso/Rosso di Valtellina DOC?
Min 90% Chiavennasca
67
Name the subzones of Valtellina from west to east
Maroggia, Sassella, Grumello, Inferno, Valgella
68
Name the subzones of Valtellina from west to east
Maroggia, Sassella, Grumello, Inferno, Valgella
69
What are the three major towns of Valtellina from west to east?
Sondrio, Teglio and Tirano
70
What are two traditional cheeses found in Valtellina?
Bitto (mix of cow and goat) and Casera (cow)
71
What is the air-dried beef that is a specialty of Valtellina?
Bresaola
72
Is mechanized harvesting possible in Valtellina?
No, the terraced slopes are unworkable my mechanical harvesters.
73
What does azienda agricola mean?
agricultural firm
74
Where is Nino Negri based?
Sondrio
75
Who are 5 producers making quality Nebbiolo in Valtellina?
``` Nino Negri Sandro Fay Ar. Pe. Pe. Triacca Rainoldi ```
76
How does the Chiavennasca (Nebbiolo) of Valtellina compare to its cousins in Barolo and Barbaresco?
They don't have the depth and concentration of the Piedmontese Nebbiolo and are lighter in style, more tart, with ethereal aromas of tea, tar, and tobacco
77
What are the breva winds? What region's climate do they have the most impact on?
warm, dry breezes off Lake Garda that travel up the Adda Valley moderating the climate of Valtellina.
78
Wines from what DOCG produced in Lombardia are most comparable to Amarone? What process do both of them employ?
Sforzato di Valtellina/Sfurzat di Valtellina DOCG both use the appassimento process of partially drying grapes prior to fermentation
79
Why is the appassimento process used in Valtellina and what DOCG uses it?
Used to add concentration to the wines that would otherwise be lean and tart due to the northerly latitude and cool climate. Sforzato di Valtellina/Sfurzat di Valtellina DOCG
80
How do the wines of Sforzato compare to Amarone
both are glycerine-rich wines, but Sforzato has more of savory, spicy aromatic profile
81
The subzones of Valtellina Superiore are located between what two towns along the Adda River?
Sondrio and Teglio (though Sassella is just west of Sondrio)
82
What is the rockiest of the Valtellina subzones and second largest? What is the resulting expression of wines due to the rocky soils?
Sassella (derived from sasso which means stone in Italian) The wines are more powerful and concentrated
83
What are three producers making wines in Sassella?
Nino Negri Ar. Pe. Pe. Rainoldi
84
What style of wine is Grumello know for compared to the other subzones? Who is the best producer here?
More approachable in youth, more fruit-forward | Nino Negri
85
What Valtellina Subzone is the smallest and steepest and defined by its rocky soils and warm climate?
Inferno
86
What sub zone of Valtellina is known for producing the most deeply colored, powerful wines?
Inferno
87
Who are the top two producers of the Inferno sub zone?
Nino Negri and Rainoldi
88
Which Valtellina sub zone is the largest and highest in altitude? What style is it known for?
Valgella the most delicate and perfumed of the subzones
89
Who is the leading producer in the Valgella sub zone of Valtellina?
Sandro Fay
90
What are the top two modern producers in Valtellina Superiore?
Domenico Triacca and Maule
91
What is the local cheese specialty that is perfect with the Nebbiolos of Valtellina Superiore?
Gorgonzola
92
Varietal white wine not from Riesling is made in Oltrepò Pavese DOC primarily from what grape? What grape is the most common blending partner?
Moscato | Malvasia di Candia Aromatico
93
Pinot Nero is vinified as a white wine in what Lombardy DOC?
Oltrepò Pavese DOC
94
Where does the name Franciacorta come from?
Comes from a dialect of the native area describing the towns "curtes" that were exempt (francae) from taxes during the Middle Ages
95
The pioneering success of what producer in the 1970s gave rise to Franciacorta?
Berlucchi
96
Who makes "Alma Grand Cuvée" and "Pas Operé"? What's the DOCG? Grapes?
Bellavista Franciacorta DOCG Mostly Chardonnay with Pinot Nero around 20% for both. Alma has a little Pinot Bianco blended in.
97
What is Cruasé? What DOCG is it made in? What is the minimum % of Pinot Nero that must be present? What other grapes are blended in?
Metodo Classico sparkling rosé made in Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG Min 85% Pinot Nero with max 15% Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco, and Pinot Grigio
98
What is the world's most northern outpost for Nebbiolo?
Valtellina
99
What are the aging requirements for Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?
2 years with 1 year in wood
100
Scanzo/Moscato di Scanzo DOCG is made from what grape? What are the min and max sugar levels in the finished wine?
100% Moscato di Scanzo 50-100g/L
101
What is the minimum alcohol for Moscato di Scanzo?
17%
102
What DOC in Lombardia makes wines based on Gropello?
Valtänesi/Valtenesi DOC
103
Franciacorta is located in the hills just east of what town?
Brescia
104
What year did Berlucchi release Franciacorta's first traditional method sparkling wine?
1961
105
What two training systems are forbidden in Franciacorta?
Tendone and Geneva Double Curtain
106
What is the maximum yield in Franciacorta?
65hl/ha
107
Who produces more Brut Nature/Dosaggio Zero sparkling wine, Champagne or Franciacorta? Why?
Franciacorta due to the moderating influence on the climate by Lake d'Iseo and the warm days and cool evenings.
108
The Oltrepo Pavese DOC has 5 nested DOCs and 1 nested DOCG. What are they?
``` DOCs Bonarda dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC Pinot Nero dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Grigio DOC Buttafuoco dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC Sangue di Giuda dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC ``` DOCG Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG
109
Where does the Adda River empty into?
Lake Como
110
What are two international varieties planted in the Valtellina area? What IGT must they be labeled?
Pinot Noir and Sauvignon | Terrazze Retiche di Sondrio IGT
111
For how long on average are grapes destined for Sfurzat dried prior to fermentation?
3-4 months
112
What is the name of the Lambrusco DOC in Lombardia?
Labrusco Montovano DOC
113
If Valtellina is produced in Switzerland what is it called?
Stagafassli

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