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MS Exam Master > Italy (Lombardia) > Flashcards

Italy (Lombardia) Flashcards

1
Q

Franciacorta is located on the southern shores of what lake which moderates the Lombardian climate?

A

Lago d’Iseo/Lake Iseo

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2
Q

What is the name of the major plain that is part of the Po Valley that much of Lombardia is located on?

A

Padana Plain

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3
Q

What hills mark the southern flank of Franciacorta?

A

Orfano Hills

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4
Q

How do the soils of the Padana Plain differ from those on the other side of the Orfano Hills near Franciacorta? How do the soils of Franciacorta contribute to quality wine there?

A

The Padana Hills are defined by fertile, richer more alluvial soils with heavier clays while the hills on the other side of the Orfano hills are silty, pebbly, and glacial.

The glacial soils slow ripening and allow Pinot Nero and Chardonnay to develop more complex aromas and flavors while maintaining acidity.

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5
Q

What are the most common grapes used for Franciacorta production? Of these, what’s the most used?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Nero (Pinot Noir), and Pinot Bianco.

Chardonnay is the most used.

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6
Q

What is the maximum amount of Pinot Bianco for all three styles of Franciacorta?

A

Max 50%

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7
Q

What’s the minimum percentage of Pinot Nero required for Franciacorta Rosé?

A

Min 25%

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8
Q

What are three of the top producers in Franciacorta?

A

Ca’ del Bosco
Bellavista
Giovanni Cavalleri

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9
Q

Is Charmat permitted in Franciacorta?

A

No. Only metodo classico wines are made here.

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10
Q

What are the designations for sweetness levels used for Franciacorta? What are the g/L ranges for each?

A

Same as in Champagne and the rest of France

Dosaggio Zero (0-3g/L)
Extra Brut (0-6g/L)
Brut (0-12g/L)
Extra Dry (12-17g/L)
Sec (17-32g/L)
Demi-Sec (33-50g/L)
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11
Q

What level of sweetness must Franciacorta Satèn be produced in?

A

Brut only

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12
Q

What levels of sweetness are permitted for Franciacorta Millesimato? Franciacorta Riserva?

A 
Franciacorta Millesimato (Dosaggio Zero-Extra Dry)
Franciacrota Riserva (Dosaggio Zero-Brut)
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13
Q

What levels of sweetness are permitted for basic Franciacorta and Franciacorta Rosé?

A

Dosaggio Zero-Demi Sec

Dosaggio Zero
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Dry
Sec
Demi-Sec
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14
Q

What is the maximum RS prior to tirage for Franciacorta Satèn? Maximum pressure in bottle after fermentation?

A

20g/L

5atm max

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15
Q

What province is Franciacorta produced in?

A

Brescia

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16
Q

Is Franciacorta permitted to be produced as doux?

A

No. Not allowed on the label

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17
Q

T/F Franciacorta Satèn may be made using red grapes? What are the grapes permitted?

A

False, Only white grapes permitted

Chardonnay with a max of 50% Pinot Bianco

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18
Q

What are the two alternative names for dosaggio zero that are commonly used in Franciacorta?

A

Pas Dosé and Pas Operé

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19
Q

What are the aging requirements for NV Franciacorta, Franciacorta Millesimato, Franciacorta Riserva? List time on lees and total aging prior to release.

A

NV Franciacorta: 18 months on lees (25 months total from harvest date)

Millesimato: 30 months on lees (37 months total from harvest date)

Riserva: 60 months on lees (67 months total from harvest date)

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20
Q

Aging requirements for Franciacorta Satèn and Franciacorta Rosé are the same but different than the rest of the styles. What are they? Are they permitted for Millesimato or Riserva?

A

24 months on lees (31 months total from harvest date)

Permitted for both Millesimato and Riserva

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21
Q

Franciacorta may not start the secondary fermentation in bottle/tirage before what date?

A

February 1 of the year following harvest

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22
Q

Is the word “spumante” permitted on labels of Franciacorta?

A

No, because the consorzio claim the word suggests cheap, off-dry sparklers.

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23
Q

Maurizio Zanella is associated with what winery?

A

Ca’ del Bosco

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24
Q

The hills for Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico are at the base of what mountains?

A

Apennines

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25
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Pinot Nero required in Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG and OPMC Rosé? Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico Pinot Nero and OPMC PN Rosé?

A

Min 70% for OPMC and OPMC Rosé

Min 85% for OPMC Pinot Nero/OPMC Pinto Nero Rosé

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26
Q

What other three grapes combine with Pinot Nero in Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico wines? What are the permitted percentages?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, and Pinot Bianco

max 30% for OPMC/OPMC Rosé
max 15% for OPMCPN/OPMCPN Rosé

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27
Q

Tenuta Il Bosco makes wine under what DOCG? Who owns it?

A

Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico

Owned by Veneto-based Zonin group

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28
Q

How many DOCs exist in Lombardia almost exclusively for dry white wines? Where are a majority located?

A

9

Along the western shores of Lake Garda

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29
Q

The wines of Lugana are produced in both Lombardia and Veneto. What is the start white grape here? What is it’s synonym in Soave and what other white grape is it synonymous with in Marche?

A

Trebbiano di Lugana/Turbiana (Trebbiano di Soave)

Synonymous with Verdicciho

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30
Q

Who is the top producer in Lugana DOC?

A

Ca’ dei Frati

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31
Q

What is the dominant soil type of most of Lugana DOC? Climate and aspect?

A

heavy, fertile soils

hot and flat

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32
Q

Who makes “I Frati”? DOC? Grapes?

A

Ca’ dei Frati

Lugana DOC

100% Turbiana/Trebbiano di Lugana

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33
Q

Who makes “San Benedetto”? DOC? Grapes? Vineyard?

A

Zenato (based in Veneto)

Lugana DOC

100% Trebbiano di Lugana from old vines in the Podere Massoni vineyard.

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34
Q

Chardonnay produced in the Franciacorta area is comparable to Chardonnay from what new world region? What DOC is it labeled under?

A

Chardonnay from California

Curtefranca DOC (Terre di Franciacorta until 2008)

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35
Q

Still wines from Franciacorta were labeled under what DOC until 2008? What are they named now?

A

Terre di Franciacorta DOC until ‘08

Curtefranca DOC now

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36
Q

When was Curtefranca DOC (Terre di Franciacorta DOC at the time) created?

A

1995

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37
Q

What is the min % of Chardonnay required in Curtefranca DOC? What other two grapes are blended in?

A

min 50% Chardonnay

Pinot Nero and Pinot Bianco are blended in

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38
Q

Curtefranca DOC rosso is a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cab Franc and/or Carmenère combined with max 15% other grapes for Lombardia. What is the min % of Cab required? Merlot? Cab Franc and/or Carmenère?

A

Cab (min 10%, max 35%)
Merlot (min 25%)
Cab Franc and/or Carmenère (min 20%)

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39
Q

What two Italian grapes are most commonly blended with the required Bordeaux varietals in Curtefranca DOC?

A

Nebbiolo and Barbera

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40
Q

Which is more common in Curtefranca DOC whites, stainless steel whites or whites that have seen fermentation and/or aging in barriques?

A

Barriques

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41
Q

What are two producers making quality Curtefanca DOC white wines?

A

Ca’ del Bosco

Bellavista

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42
Q

What German grape is showing promise in the Oltrepò Pavese DOC for quality white wine? Who are three top producers of it? What style in regards to sweetness is it most commonly produced in?

A

Riesling

Martilde
Ca’ di Frara
Bruno Verdi

bone-dry

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43
Q

Who makes “Uccellanda”? What is the grape? What is the DOC?

A

Bellavista

100% Chardonnay

Curtefranca DOC

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44
Q

What are the two principal centers for red wine production in Lombardia?

A

Oltrepò Pavese, in the southwest and the Valtellina in the north

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45
Q

Who makes “Maurizio Zanella”? What is the DOC? Grapes?

A

Ca’ del Bosco
Curtefranca DOC
Barrique-aged Bordeaux blend of Cab (50%), Cab Franc and Merlot (both 25%)

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46
Q

Who makes “Pinero”? DOC? Grape?

A

Ca’ del Bosco
Curtefranca
Pinot Nero

47
Q

Why do red wines from Curtefranca DOC often have a vegetal leafy note?

A

The area is so cool that often the Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc don’t reach full maturity.

48
Q

What DOC region is considered one of the first if not the first to plant Pinot Nero in Italy?

A

Oltrepò Pavese

49
Q

Traditionally, who has bought most of the Pinot Nero in Lombardia in bulk and for what purpose?

A

Large wineries in Piedmont for the purpose of using it in spumante wines

50
Q

Bonarda in Lombardia is actually what grape?

A

Croatina

51
Q

What does Oltrepò Pavese translate to?

A

The other side of the Po from Pavia

52
Q

Between what two states is Oltrepò Pavese located? What mountains is the region nearest?

A

Between the southeastern of Piedmont and the northwestern Emilia-Romagna

Nearest to the Apennines

53
Q

What is sfuso?

A

tap wine or bulk wines that are quaffed

54
Q

Who is making quality Barbera in Oltrepò Pavese?

A

Martilde

Bruno Verdi

55
Q

Who’s making the finest examples of Bonarda (Croatina) in Lombardia?

A 
Tenuta Il Bosco
Martilde
Bruno Verdi
Le Fracce
Vercesi dei Castellazzo
56
Q

What are the two official subzones of Oltrepò Pavese DOC? What styles are these wines made in?

A

Buttafuoco (Sparks)
Sangue di Giuda (Blood of Judas)

dry, semi-sweet, sweet, and often frizzante

57
Q

Oltrepò Pavese bianco blends are based on what grapes?

A

Riesling Renano (Riesling) and/or Riesling Italico (Welschriesling)

58
Q

Oltrepò Pavese rosso blends are based on what grapes?

A

Barbera and Bondarda (Croatina) blended with Uva Rara, Pinot Nero, and Ughetta (Vespolina)

59
Q

What is the synonym for Vespolina in Oltrepò Pavese DOC?

A

Ughetta

60
Q

What red grape is produced varietally in Oltrepò Pavese DOC and is considered the future of the region? What styles is it produced in?

A

Pinot Nero

Rosso/rosato

61
Q

The vineyards of Valtellina are located on the north banks of what river?

A

Adda River

62
Q

What is the synonym for Nebbiolo in Valtellina?

A

Chiavennasca

63
Q

Where are the best Chiavennasca (Nebbiolo) vines planted in Valtellina?

A

Steep, rocky, terraced vineyards at altitudes of up to 2,000 feet north of the Adda River

64
Q

What direction do the vineyards of Valtellina face?

A

Full south along an east-west valley

65
Q

What is the IGT of Valtellina?

A

Terrazze Retiche di Sondrio IGT

66
Q

What is the min% of Chiavennasca (Nebbiolo) required in Valtellina Rosso/Rosso di Valtellina DOC?

A

Min 90% Chiavennasca

67
Q

Name the subzones of Valtellina from west to east

A

Maroggia, Sassella, Grumello, Inferno, Valgella

68
Q

Name the subzones of Valtellina from west to east

A

Maroggia, Sassella, Grumello, Inferno, Valgella

69
Q

What are the three major towns of Valtellina from west to east?

A

Sondrio, Teglio and Tirano

70
Q

What are two traditional cheeses found in Valtellina?

A

Bitto (mix of cow and goat) and Casera (cow)

71
Q

What is the air-dried beef that is a specialty of Valtellina?

A

Bresaola

72
Q

Is mechanized harvesting possible in Valtellina?

A

No, the terraced slopes are unworkable my mechanical harvesters.

73
Q

What does azienda agricola mean?

A

agricultural firm

74
Q

Where is Nino Negri based?

A

Sondrio

75
Q

Who are 5 producers making quality Nebbiolo in Valtellina?

A 
Nino Negri
Sandro Fay
Ar. Pe. Pe.
Triacca
Rainoldi
76
Q

How does the Chiavennasca (Nebbiolo) of Valtellina compare to its cousins in Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

They don’t have the depth and concentration of the Piedmontese Nebbiolo and are lighter in style, more tart, with ethereal aromas of tea, tar, and tobacco

77
Q

What are the breva winds? What region’s climate do they have the most impact on?

A

warm, dry breezes off Lake Garda that travel up the Adda Valley moderating the climate of Valtellina.

78
Q

Wines from what DOCG produced in Lombardia are most comparable to Amarone? What process do both of them employ?

A

Sforzato di Valtellina/Sfurzat di Valtellina DOCG

both use the appassimento process of partially drying grapes prior to fermentation

79
Q

Why is the appassimento process used in Valtellina and what DOCG uses it?

A

Used to add concentration to the wines that would otherwise be lean and tart due to the northerly latitude and cool climate.

Sforzato di Valtellina/Sfurzat di Valtellina DOCG

80
Q

How do the wines of Sforzato compare to Amarone

A

both are glycerine-rich wines, but Sforzato has more of savory, spicy aromatic profile

81
Q

The subzones of Valtellina Superiore are located between what two towns along the Adda River?

A

Sondrio and Teglio (though Sassella is just west of Sondrio)

82
Q

What is the rockiest of the Valtellina subzones and second largest? What is the resulting expression of wines due to the rocky soils?

A

Sassella (derived from sasso which means stone in Italian)

The wines are more powerful and concentrated

83
Q

What are three producers making wines in Sassella?

A

Nino Negri
Ar. Pe. Pe.
Rainoldi

84
Q

What style of wine is Grumello know for compared to the other subzones? Who is the best producer here?

A

More approachable in youth, more fruit-forward

Nino Negri

85
Q

What Valtellina Subzone is the smallest and steepest and defined by its rocky soils and warm climate?

A

Inferno

86
Q

What sub zone of Valtellina is known for producing the most deeply colored, powerful wines?

A

Inferno

87
Q

Who are the top two producers of the Inferno sub zone?

A

Nino Negri and Rainoldi

88
Q

Which Valtellina sub zone is the largest and highest in altitude? What style is it known for?

A

Valgella

the most delicate and perfumed of the subzones

89
Q

Who is the leading producer in the Valgella sub zone of Valtellina?

A

Sandro Fay

90
Q

What are the top two modern producers in Valtellina Superiore?

A

Domenico Triacca and Maule

91
Q

What is the local cheese specialty that is perfect with the Nebbiolos of Valtellina Superiore?

A

Gorgonzola

92
Q

Varietal white wine not from Riesling is made in Oltrepò Pavese DOC primarily from what grape? What grape is the most common blending partner?

A

Moscato

Malvasia di Candia Aromatico

93
Q

Pinot Nero is vinified as a white wine in what Lombardy DOC?

A

Oltrepò Pavese DOC

94
Q

Where does the name Franciacorta come from?

A

Comes from a dialect of the native area describing the towns “curtes” that were exempt (francae) from taxes during the Middle Ages

95
Q

The pioneering success of what producer in the 1970s gave rise to Franciacorta?

A

Berlucchi

96
Q

Who makes “Alma Grand Cuvée” and “Pas Operé”? What’s the DOCG? Grapes?

A

Bellavista
Franciacorta DOCG
Mostly Chardonnay with Pinot Nero around 20% for both. Alma has a little Pinot Bianco blended in.

97
Q

What is Cruasé? What DOCG is it made in? What is the minimum % of Pinot Nero that must be present? What other grapes are blended in?

A

Metodo Classico sparkling rosé made in Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG

Min 85% Pinot Nero with max 15% Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco, and Pinot Grigio

98
Q

What is the world’s most northern outpost for Nebbiolo?

A

Valtellina

99
Q

What are the aging requirements for Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?

A

2 years with 1 year in wood

100
Q

Scanzo/Moscato di Scanzo DOCG is made from what grape? What are the min and max sugar levels in the finished wine?

A

100% Moscato di Scanzo

50-100g/L

101
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Moscato di Scanzo?

A

17%

102
Q

What DOC in Lombardia makes wines based on Gropello?

A

Valtänesi/Valtenesi DOC

103
Q

Franciacorta is located in the hills just east of what town?

A

Brescia

104
Q

What year did Berlucchi release Franciacorta’s first traditional method sparkling wine?

A

1961

105
Q

What two training systems are forbidden in Franciacorta?

A

Tendone and Geneva Double Curtain

106
Q

What is the maximum yield in Franciacorta?

A

65hl/ha

107
Q

Who produces more Brut Nature/Dosaggio Zero sparkling wine, Champagne or Franciacorta? Why?

A

Franciacorta due to the moderating influence on the climate by Lake d’Iseo and the warm days and cool evenings.

108
Q

The Oltrepo Pavese DOC has 5 nested DOCs and 1 nested DOCG. What are they?

A 
DOCs
Bonarda dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC
Pinot Nero dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Grigio DOC
Buttafuoco dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC
Sangue di Giuda dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC

DOCG
Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG

109
Q

Where does the Adda River empty into?

A

Lake Como

110
Q

What are two international varieties planted in the Valtellina area? What IGT must they be labeled?

A

Pinot Noir and Sauvignon

Terrazze Retiche di Sondrio IGT

111
Q

For how long on average are grapes destined for Sfurzat dried prior to fermentation?

A

3-4 months

112
Q

What is the name of the Lambrusco DOC in Lombardia?

A

Labrusco Montovano DOC

113
Q

If Valtellina is produced in Switzerland what is it called?

A

Stagafassli

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