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Modern History > Italy - Liberal State, 1911-18 > Flashcards

Italy - Liberal State, 1911-18 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Italy fully unified?

A

1870

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2
Q

Which country was Italy’s political system close to?

A

Britain

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3
Q

What did Italys constitution guarantee?

A
  • Equality before the law
  • Right to free assembly
  • Free press
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4
Q

What powers did the monarch have?

A
  • Appoint/dismiss government ministers
  • Control foreign policy
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5
Q

What were the two parts of Parliament?

A

Senate and Chamber of Deputies

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6
Q

Until 1912 how many adult men could vote?

A

25%

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7
Q

How was the early political system described?

A

Elitist, unstable and corrupt

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8
Q

How strong were early political parties?

A

Quite weak and mainly labels for ambitious men without a coherent political ideology

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9
Q

What did weak political parties result in?

A

Coalitions of different factions

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10
Q

What was coalition building known as?

A

Trasformismo

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11
Q

What did Trasformismo result in?

A

Unstable governments

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12
Q

How many governments existed from 1900-11?

A

9

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13
Q

What were the most important political groupings?

A
  • Liberals
  • Radicals and Republicans
  • Socialists
  • Catholics
  • Nationalists
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14
Q

Where was most economic growth concentrated?

A

North

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15
Q

How did poor economic policy help radical groups?

A

Due to no feeling of an improvement in standard of living they felt it was easier to support radicals

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16
Q

Which imports were made cheaper? What was the impact of this?

A

Iron and steel imports led to motor and engineering companies growing

17
Q

How much were exports growing in the early 1900s?

A

4.5% a year

18
Q

How much did industrial workers grow from 1901-11?

A

2 million

19
Q

Why was industrial development limited and localised?

A
  • Need to import iron, steel and coal
  • Large but unskilled workforce
  • Industrial machinery needing to be imported
  • Communications, transport and energy sources underdeveloped
20
Q

Which three cities accounted for 55% of industrial income?

A

Milan, Genoa and Turin

21
Q

Which economist tried to encourage growth in the south?

A

Francesco Saverio Nitti

22
Q

What was introduced after 1900 to boost growth in the south?

A

Free trade with internal tariffs ended

23
Q

Why did free trade damage the southern economy?

A

Southern elites wanted the protect their traditional privileges rather than introduce change

24
Q

In 1910 what was the wealth of the north and south?

A

48% in the north and 27% in the south

25
Q

In 1870 what did Italy’s economy depend on?

A

Agriculture

26
Q

What rich land for agriculture was there in the north?

A

Po Valley

27
Q

Why was northern agriculture more productive?

A
  • Improvements in mechanisations and fertilisation
  • Irrigation and drainage systems
  • Larger farms
28
Q

What successful products came from the south?

A
  • Wine
  • Oil
  • Citrus fruits
29
Q

What problems did Italy face in the early 20th century?

A

Poverty, disease and illiteracy

30
Q

Why was job security in the south poor?

A

When no longer needed by the landowner they were let go

31
Q

How did poor living conditions negatively impact the economy?

A

Disease was able to spread easier even into the 1930s

32
Q

What was Italian illiteracy rates upon unification?

A

69% illiterate which was worse in the south at 80%

33
Q

What policies did Giolitti introduce to try and improve poor living condition?

A
  • Sickness, accident and pension schemes
  • Raising minimum working age to 12
  • Placing primary education on the state
34
Q

How did illiteracy rate improve by 1911?

A

Went down to just 37%

35
Q

How many Italians emigrated in 1912-13 alone?

A

1.5 million

36
Q

Why was emigration seen as disaster for Italy?

A

People with skills who could’ve strengthened Italy were leaving

Modern History (15 decks)

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