Italy Booklet 3: The Creation of the Kingdom of Italy Flashcards
When was the National Society formed? How many members were there by 1857?
formed in the 1850s
members rose to 8000 by 1857
How influential could the National Society actually be in promoting Italian Unification?
-uniting different factions
-contains high profile competent Italians (Garibaldi, Manin)
-they’re talking to Cavour
Why might Cavour be a little reluctant to openly support the National Society?
-Cavour might not want to support radicals because of worry with France
-only 8,000 members - not big enough numbers for change
What nationalist organisation was set up in Piedmont as a replacement to Young Italy?
The National Society
Who plotted to assassinate Napoleon III in 1857 and what was controversial about his letter?
-Orsini
-Some thought the letter was orchestrated by Napoleon
What role did VEII play after the bomb plot?
VEII presented Piedmont as the best guarantee against the radicals
What was the secret agreement between France and Piedmont called?
The Pact of Plombieres
What did the Pact of Plombieres aim to do?
aimed to make Austria start a war and then the French help Piedmont to rid the northern states of Austria. Make Austria seem like the aggressor and France as helping the weak Piedmont
What did each side aim to get from the Pact of Plombieres?
Piedmont- the control of the north, Austria out of Italy
France- Nice and Savoy
What was VEII’s nationalist speech called in January 1859?
Grido di dolore (Cry of Anguish)
How many troops did the French and Piedmontese provide?
200,000 - French
100,000 - Piedmont
What two different names are the 1859 war called?
-Franco-Austrian war
-The second war of Italian Independence
What was Garibaldi’s private army of soldiers known as?
Cacciatori delle Alpi
hunters of the Alps
What was the Orsini bomb plot? When was it?
-1858
-an attempt on Napoleon III’ s life. 3 large bombs set off in London. Failed and Orsini sent to prison,. Napoleon grew bitter of Italy
Why was the Pact of Plombieres secret?
Napoleon III was Napoleon Bonaparte’s nephew so the rest of Europe could think he’s trying to take Europe. The rest of Europe would be cautious of him
Where did Garibaldi meet Victor Emmanuel and hand over the south?
Teano
What year was the Orsini bomb plot?
January 1858
When was the Pact of Plombieres?
July 1858
When was war with Austria declared?
April 1859
When did the National Society start revolts in the Central Duchies?
April 1859
When was the Battle of Magenta?
4th June 1859
When was the Battle of Solferino?
21st - 24th June 1859
When was the Peace of Villafranca?
11th July 1859
Why did Napoleon disapprove of activities in the Central Duchies?
He believed the National Society was organising an attack on the pope. He also believed the annexation of the Central Duchies went beyond the terms of Plombieres
What was proposed at the Peace of Villafranca?
-Austria would give Lombardy to France who might choose to give it to Piedmont.
-Piedmont was not to be given control of Modena or Parma and the rulers who fled were to be restored.
-An Italian confederation was to be set up, with the pope as its head.
France would not take Nice and Savoy.
When was the Treaty of Zurich?
November 1859
Why did Napoleon sue for peace?
-Only one doctor per 500 casualties on the allies side.
-High casualties due to new and more accurate weaponry on the enemies side.
-France didn’t think Piedmont had the resources and expertise to maintain the conflict.
-Cavour seemed increasingly more interested in the Central Duchies and that was beyond the terms of the Pact of Plombieres.
How did British show support to Italy?
British foreign secretary Lord John Russell proposed the future of the Italian Peninsula should be decided through the idea of ‘self-determination’
When did Cavour resign?
July 1859
When was Lombardy annexed to Piedmont?
December 1859
When did Cavour return?
January 1860
