Italian Renaissance Flashcards
1
Q
Renaissance
A
means “rebirth” (following the original birth of civilization)
2
Q
origin of Renaissance
A
Florence
3
Q
Florence
A
origin of Renaissance
small city in Italy
first city in Europe to recover from Plague
4
Q
causes of Italian Renaissance
A
humanism
plague
fall of Constantinople (brain drain)
5
Q
humanism
A
belief that all human beings have value
6
Q
message spread by Petrarch
A
education has ability to improve human condition
7
Q
Plague
A
disease from Asia which quickly killed many in Europe
spread extremely easily and quickly
8
Q
effects of Plague on Europe
A
killed 30% of population
9
Q
effects of Plague on Florence
A
killed 70% of Florence
10
Q
effects of Plague on economy
A
immediately hurt economy by killing many workers
gradually helped economy as population recovered
growth of middle class allows people to spend money on more than just necessities
11
Q
fall of Constantinople
A
invasion of Roman capital by Persians
caused a brain drain to Florence
12
Q
brain drain
A
emigration of educated people from a particular city or area
13
Q
effects of fall of Constantinople
A
helped Florence’s economy
14
Q
A
known as “Lamentation” or “Lamentation of Christ”
painted by Giotto
from Italian Renaissance
blue sky was unique
example of psychological realism
15
Q
psychological realism
A
style of art which depicts emotions on faces
16
Q
A
known as “The Trinity” or “The Holy Trinity”
painted by Masaccio
from Italian Renaissance
example of use of perspective
people who bought the painting can be seen
17
Q
perspective
A
art tool used to create illusion of 3-dimensional space on a 2-dimensional surface
18
Q
A
known as “Saint Sebastian”
painted by Andrea Mantegna
from Italian Renaissance
arrows symbolize how it was believed God gave people Plague
19
Q
Saint Sebastian
A
patron saint of the Plague
executed by arrows
20
Q
color which Mary wears in art
A
blue
symbolizes faithfulness
21
Q
color which Mary Magdeline wears in art
A
red
symbolizes sin
22
Q
color which John wears in art
A
red
symbolizes devout faith
23
Q
A
known as “David”
painted by Andrea del Castagno
from Italian Renaissance
shows both before and after
painted on shield (never used in battle)
24
Q
A
known as “Birth of Venus”
painted by Sandra Botecelli
from Italian Renaissance
first naked painting of Italian Renaissance
flying people are swooping in to clothe Venus
25
excuse used to justify nudity in Birth of Venus
Venus is goddess of love
Venus's nudity represents purest love of God
nobody loves God more than Mary
symbolizes Mary's love for God
26
known as "David"
sculpted by Donatello
from Italian Renaissance
nudity is accurate to original story
intentionally looks weak and feminine
celebration of Florence's unexpected victory over Milan
27
known as "Pazzi Chapel"
designed by Brunelleschi
from Italian Renaissance
paid for by Pazzi family
never used as burial site of Pazzi family (as punishment for wrongdoings)
arch in middle of pillars was useless (only aesthetic)
28
Pazzi family
2nd richest family in Florence during Italian Renaissance
hated Medici family
paid for construction of Pazzi chapel
attempted to conspire against Medici family
29
Medici family
richest family in Florence during Italian Renaissance
30
Leonardo da Vinci
Italian polymath
self-described engineer
big gay
wrote in reverse
31
Leonardo da Vinci's inventions
submarine
hang-glider
parachute
32
Leonardo da Vinci's painting techniques
chiaroscuro
sfumato
33
chiaroscuro
translates to "light/dark"
painting technique which gives impression of spotlight on 1 side of painting
creates dramatic effect
34
sfumato
painting technique which creates smokey or hazy effect
makes painting appear out of focus
35
known as "Madonna of the Rocks" or "Virgin of the Rocks"
painted by Leonardo da Vinci
from Italian Renaissance
example of chiaroscuro
example of sfumato
depicts Mary, John, Jesus, and an angel sitting together
36
Michelangelo
Michelangelo Buonarotti
Italian polymath
(likely) fruity fruity
could have been on the spectrum
37
evidence that Michelangelo could have been on the spectrum
socially awkwardness
prolonged attention
38
jobs of Michaelangelo
sculptor
painter
biologist
engineer
39
known as "Creation of Man" or "Creation of Adam"
painted by Michelangelo
from Italian Renaissance
most iconic part of Sistine Chapel
40
known as "Moses"
sculpted by Michelangelo
from Italian Renaissance
huge
only part of tomb of Pope Julius II sculpted by Michelangelo (rather than his assistants)
modeled after Pope Julius II
has horns due to mistranslation in Michelangelo's Bible
41
Rafael
Italian painter
drowning in pussy
42
known as "School of Athens"
painted by Rafael
from Italian Renaissance
found in Vatican (ironic because it contains images of pagans)
depicts all famous Greeks with faces of Rafael's friends
signified that the modern Italians were just as good as the classic Greeks and Romans
43
known as "Burial of the Count of Orgaz"
painted by El Greco
from Italian Renaissance
depicts 2 miracles
44
2 miracles depicted in Burial of the Count of Orgaz
shows Saint Augustine and Saint Stephen at funeral after they had died
Count of Orgaz did not have to go to purgatory
45
effects on Italian Renaissance
invention of printing press (1439)
Protestant Reformation (1517)
rise of capitalism
46
inventor of printing press
Johannes Gutenberg
47
effect of printing press on Renaissance
increased literacy rate of Europe to 17% for both men and women
allowed ideas (particularly Greek literature) to spread much faster
48
first thing ever printed using printing press
Bible
49
start of Protestant Reformation
nailing of 95 theses on the door of Church of Wittenburg by Martin Luther
50
Martin Luther
Catholic priest who started Protestant Reformation in Germany
fought against indulgences within Catholic Church
51
spread of Protestant Reformation
spread throughout all northern European countries (not adjacent to Mediterranean Sea) except Belgium and part of Ireland
52
power of Protestant countries
most powerful countries in Europe
53
effects of rise of capitalism
creation of a large middle class
54
known as "Mérode Alterpiece"
painted by Robert Campin
from Flemish Renaissance
3 lilies symbolize Holy Trinity
crucifix can be seen descending from window
55
altarpiece
painting placed on or behind an altar
56
triptych altarpiece
altarpiece with 3 panels
57
polyptych altarpiece
altarpiece with multiple panels
58
known as "Descent from the Cross" or "Deposition of Christ"
painted by Rogier van der Weyden
from Netherlandish Renaissance
uses colors to direct eyes
59
Jan van Eyck
Flemish painter from Bruges
1 of best oil painters
60
oil paint
pigment mixed with linseed oil
dries slowly (good for mixing colors and fixing errors)
61
known as "Arnolfini Wedding Portrait" or "Arnolfini Portrait"
painted by Jan van Eyck
from Flemish Renaissance
entire painting can be seen in reverse through mirror (including viewer and van Eyck)
fruit near window symbolize fertility
62
known as "Garden of the Lights" or "Garden of Earthly Delights"
painted by Hieronymus Bosh
from Netherlandish Renaissance
very weird (lots of butt stuff)
panels show order of events from beginning to end
63
known as "Henry VIII"
painted by Hans Holbein
from Swiss Renaissance
extremely great detail
64
known as "Return in the Snow" or "Return of the Hunter"
painted by Pieter Bruegel
from Flemish Renaissance
example of genre
example of atmospheric perspective
has bad composition (all important stuff is on one side)
eyes are led across canvas by birds and direction of people
65
known as "Isenheim Altarpiece"
painted by Matthias Grunewald
from German Renaissance
Borowicz gives thumbs up
larger than life-size
highly accurate account of events
66
atmospheric perspective
art tool used to create illusion of 3-dimensional space on 2-dimensional surface
used in images of outdoors
67
genre
scene from everyday life
image of regular people doing regular people stuff
68
printmaking
method for artists to make many copies of single original
69
types of printmaking in Renaissance
woodcut
engraving
70
woodcut
hard to depict gray
not extremely precise
71
engraving
better than woodcut
72
effects of printmaking on society
allowed artists to make equivalent or more money by selling more copies for lower prices
allowed regular people to afford artwork
73
known as "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse"
created by Albrecht Dürer
from German Renaissance
example of extremely high-quality woodcut (almost as good as engraving by using many thin lines to make gray)
74
Baroque
time of ornate or irregular art
period which follows Renaissance
counter-reformation
age of science
75
effects of Baroque on architecture
100 or more churches built within small timeframe
76
effects of Baroque on art world
big boom in job creation for architects, construction workers, painters, and sculptors
77
Caravaggio
most influential artist of Baroque period
had bad temper (arrested weekly)
78
Caravaggio's influences on Baroque
dramatic lighting
psychological realism
naturalism
79
known as "Death of the Virgin"
painted by Caravaggio
from Italian Baroque
buyer did not understand concept that Mary was dead
80
known as "Judith and Holofernes"
painted by Artemisia Gentileschi
from Italian Baroque
head-chopee is Judith's rapist
self-portrait of Gentileschi
6 different renditions created
81
Artemisia Gentileschi
1 of 1st famous female Italian artists
82
Gianlorenzo Bernini
Borowicz's favorite sculptor
Borowicz claims "he's the cheese"
lived a good life
83
known as "David"
sculpted by Bernini
from Italian Baroque
only image of David which shows older man
self-portrait of Bernini
84
Flanders
old-timey Belgium
Catholic country (controlled by Spain)
85
known as "Rape of Daughters of Leucippus"
painted by Sir Peter Paul Rubens
from Catholic Flemish Baroque
shows lots of nudity (completely acceptable in Baroque)
pale and thicc women seen as more attractive
86
known as "Las Meninas" or "Ladies in Waiting"
painted by Diego Valasquez
from Catholic Spanish Baroque
1 of best paintings in Baroque
propoganda used to normalize the royal family
influenced by Caravaggio
87
known as "Malle Babbe"
painted by Frans Hels
from Protestant Netherlandish Baroque
name means "Bad Grandma" in English
old lady is trashed
possibly seen as a witch
88
known as "Girl with a Pearl Earring"
painted by Jans Vernier
from Protestant Netherlandish Baroque
made Borowicz want to cry
about to say something (as known by licked lips and wide eyes)
rags on head are worn by servants
servants do not wear pearl earrings
89
known as "Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp"
painted by Rembrandt
from Catholic Netherlandish Baroque
dissection of Jew or criminal
Dr. Tulp was known as best doctor in Amsterdam
